Studi Potensi Bakteriofage untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Darah pada Tanaman PISANG (Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis)

Abstract

Banana Blood Diseases (BBD) caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis (Rsc) is an important disease affecting banana plant production in Indonesia. Various controls have been applied such as the use of bactericides, sanitation, biological agents and removal of male flowers, however those approaches have not been able to suppress the development of this disease. This pathogen controlling bacteriophage has been applied to control several soil-borne diseases, however, studies of the potential for bacteriophages to control blood disease in banana plants caused by Rsc have not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for bacteriophages to control blood diseases in banana plants caused by Rsc. The research was conducted in February - September 2020 at the Plant Disease Laboratory and screen house of the USU Faculty of Agriculture, the UNIMED Biology Laboratory and the USU FMIPA Genetics Laboratory. The results of the in-vitro study showed that there were 4 bacteriophages (ɸBTF1, ɸBTF2, ɸBTF3 ɸBTF4) which had the potential to control Rsc and the identification results showed that ɸBTF 1 was identifed as Myoviridae family, ɸBTF 2 was identifed as Podoviridae family, ɸBTF 3 was identifed as Leviviridae family and ɸBTF 4 was identifed as Siphoviridae family. Results of in-vivo research with the application of F0+ (virulent Rsc), F0- (sterile water), F1 (Rsc applied by ɸBTF1 + Rsc virulent), F2 (Rsc applied by ɸBTF2 + Rsc virulent), F3 (Rsc applied by ɸBTF3 + virulent Rsc) and F4 (Rsc was applied by ɸBTF4 + Rsc virulent) showed that the treatment of bacteriophage was able to control Rsc by observing the lowest disease incident and severity value in F3 treatment was 0%, the best incubation period in F3 treatment which did not cause symptoms from the beginning to the end of the study. The lowest AUDPC value was in F3 treatment which was 0. The dry weight value of F3 treatment was 41,5 g, which was higher than F0-(34,6 g); therefore bacteriophage could increase plant defense and banana plant growth.

Penyakit darah pada tanaman pisang yang disebakan oleh Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis (Rsc) merupakan penyakit penting yang mempengaruhi produksi tanaman pisang di Indonesia. Berbagai pengendalian telah digunakan seperti pengunaan bakterisida, sanitasi, agen hayati dan pembuangan bunga jantan belum mampu menekan perkembangan penyakit ini. Bakteriofage pengendali pathogen ini telah dideteksi namun studi potensi bakteriofage untuk mengendalikan penyakit darah pada tanaman pisang yang disebabakan Rsc belum banyak dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui potensi bakteriofage untuk mengendalikan penyakit darah pada tanaman pisang yang disebabkan Rsc. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - September 2020 di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan dan rumah kassa Fakultas Pertanian USU, Laboratorium Biologi UNIMED dan Laboratorium Genetika FMIPA USU. Hasil penelitian secara in-vitro menunjukan terdapat 4 bakteriofage (ɸBTF1, ɸBTF2, ɸBTF3 ɸBTF4) yang berpotensi mengendalikan Rsc dan hasil identifikasi menunjukkan ɸBTF 1 adalah family Myoviridae, ɸBTF 2 adalah family Podoviridae, ɸBTF 3 adalah family Leviviridae dan ɸBTF 4 adalah family Siphoviridae. Hasil penelitian in-vivo dengan aplikasi perlakuan F0+ (Rsc virulen), F0- (air steril), F1 (Rsc diaplikasikan ɸBTF1 + Rsc virulen), F2 (Rsc diaplikasikan ɸBTF2 + Rsc virulen), F3 (Rsc diaplikasikan ɸBTF3 + Rsc virulen) dan F4 (Rsc diaplikasikan ɸBTF4 + Rsc virulen) menunjukkan perlakuan pemberian bakteriofage mampu mengendalikan Rsc dengan mengamati nilai kejadian penyakit terendah pada perlakuan F3 yaitu 0%, priode inkubasi terbaik pada perlakuan F3 yaitu tidak memunculkan gejala dari awal hingga akhir penelitian, keparahan penyakit terendah pada perlakuan F3 yaitu 0%, nilai AUDPC terendah pada perlakuan F3 yaitu 0 dan perlakuan F3 memiliki nilai bobot kering yaitu 41,5 gr lebih tinggi dari F0- yaitu 34,6 gr sehingga pemberian bakteriofage mampu meningkatkan pertahanan tanaman juga meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pisang.