Efek Protektif Vitamin C dan E terhadap Mutu Sperma Mencit Jantan Dewasa yang Dipajan dengan Monosodium Glutamat

Abstract

MSG has been widely consumed around the world as a food flavor enhancer. Giving a dose of MSG 4 g/kg body weight will cause the occurrence of oxidative stress on mice that was characterized by the formation of free radicals. Antioxidants are essential substances that need to neutralize free radicals and prevent damage, due to the free radicals. Vitamin C and vitamin E as antioxidants can inhibit free radical chain reaction. The aims of this study is to determine, weather giving vitamin C, vitamin E, as well as the combinations may be protect the quality of sperm of adult male mice exposed by MSG. Male mice (Mus musculus L) strains of adult fertile Webster DD ± 3 months old with body weight 25-35 grams were used on this experiment. Animals were conditioned around one week in the laboratory by given pellets and mineral water as appropriate. The animals were divided into 5 groups, in which one group consists of 5 animals, Group I (PO) = 5 adult male mice were given normal saline 0.9% orally for 30 days. Group II (P1) = 5 adult male mice were given MSG 4 g/kg (bw) orally for 30 days. Group III (P2) = 5 adult male mice were given MSG 4 g/kg (bw) along with vitamin C 0.26 g/kg (bw) orally for 30 days. Group IV (P3) = 5 adult male mice were given MSG 4 g/kg (bw) of vitamin E along with 0.026 g/kg (bw) orally for 30 days. Group V (P4) = 5 adult male mice were given MSG 4 g/kg (bw) along with vitamin C 0.26 g/ kg (bw) and vitamin E, 0.026 g/kg (bw) orally for 30 days. From the results of this research can be summarized that the antioxidant from vitamin C, vitamin E as well as that combination exhibited the protective effect of sperm quality of neonatal male exposed by MSG. The protective effect was indicated by increasing of sperm quality. The total numbers of sperm were exhibited by P2 and P4, are 137 ± 22.03 and 160 ± 50.87, respectively, although the result has not been similar to the control P0 (198 ± 38.85). Percentages of morphology of normal sperm were performed by P3 and P4, with the percentages are 81 ± 4.18 and 81 ± 2.23, respectively. The results of sperm morphology were performed the better result compared to the control P0 (71 ± 2.23). Meanwhile, from the histological study of tubules seminiferous was performed of increasing the repear of tissue that showed by P4, the group that was given by combination of vitamin C and vitamin E Key Words: monosodium glutamate (MSG), vitamin C, vitamin E, free radical oksidatif stress, sperm.

MSG telah dikonsumsi secara luas di seluruh dunia sebagai penambah rasa makanan. Pemberian MSG dengan dosis 4 g/kg BB akan menimbulkan terjadinya stres oksidatif pada mencit yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya radikal bebas. Antioksidan adalah substansi yang diperlukan tubuh untuk menetralisir radikal bebas dan mencegah kerusakan yang ditimbulkan olehnya. Vitamin C dan E sebagai antioksidan dapat menghentikan reaksi berantai radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah pemberian vitamin C, vitamin E dan kombinasinya dapat bersifat protektif terhadap mutu sperma mencit jantan yang terpajan MSG. Hewan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah mencit jantan (Mus musculus L) strain DD Webster dewasa fertil berumur ± 3 bulan dengan berat badan 25-35 gram. Hewan dikondisikan selama lebih kurang satu minggu di laboratorium dengan diberi makanan pelet dan minuman air mineral yang sesuai, dibagi dalam 5 kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 5 hewan uji yaitu, Kelompok I (PO) = 5 ekor mencit jantan dewasa diberi larutan NaCl 0,9% secara oral selama 30 hari. Kelompok II (P1) = 5 ekor mencit jantan dewasa diberi MSG 4 g/kg BB secara oral selama 30 hari. Kelompok III (P2) = 5 ekor mencit jantan dewasa diberi MSG 4 g/kg BB disertai dengan pemberian vitamin C 0,26 g/kg BB secara oral selama 30 hari. Kelompok IV (P3) = 5 ekor mencit jantan dewasa diberi MSG 4 g/kg BB disertai dengan pemberian vitamin E 0,026 g/kg BB secara oral selama 30 hari. Kelompok V (P4) = 5 ekor mencit jantan dewasa yang diberi MSG 4 g/kg BB disertai dengan pemberian vitamin C 0,26 g/kg BB dan vitamin E 0,026 g/kg BB secara oral selama 30 hari. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan yaitu antioksidan vitamin C, vitamin E dan kombinasinya dapat menunjukkan efek protektif terhadap mutu sperma mencit jantan yang dipajan MSG, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan mutu sperma baik dari jumlah sperma total yang ditunjukkan oleh P2 (137 ± 22,03) dan P4 (160 ± 50,87) walaupun hasilnya belum bisa menyamai kontrol P0 (198 ± 38,58). Persentase morfologi sperma normal yang ditunjukkan oleh P3 (81 ± 4,18) dan P4 (81 ± 2,23) menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dari kelompok kontrol P0 (71 ± 2,23), sedangkan dari jaringan tubulus seminiferus menunjukkan perbaikan jaringan yang dihasilkan oleh kelompok P4 yang merupakan kombinasi dari antioksidan vitamin C dan vitamin E. Kata kunci: monosodium glutamat (MSG), vitamin C, vitamin E, radikal bebas, stress oksidatif, sperma.