Perbedaan Rerata Tekanan Darah pada Remaja Berdasarkan Tipe Disomnia di Kecamatan Muara Batang Gadis

Abstract

Background: Dyssomnia is the most frequent sleep disturbance and associated with increasing blood pressure. There has been no study determining the difference in mean blood pressure based on dyssomnia types among adolescents. Objective: To determine the difference in mean blood pressure among adolescents based on dyssomnia types. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in SMP Negeri 1 Muara Batang Gadis in April 2016. Samples were students having sleep disturbance based on Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire. Stature and blood pressure data were collected along with demographic data and sleep disorder questionnaire. Analysis were done with Kruskal-Wallis test and logistic regression. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Seventy-six samples were obtained with mean age 13.9 (SD 1.14) year-old. Dyssomnia proportion and hypertension were 72/76 and 20/76 respectively. Mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 111.1 (SD 16.46) mmHg and 70.3 (SD 11.98) mmHg respectively. Mean SDSC score was 49.7 (SD 8.96) and the most frequent dyssomnia type was disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep. Age and sex were not the risk factors of hypertension in dyssomnia. There was a significant difference in mean SBP (P=0.006) and DBP (P=0.022) based on dyssomnia types. Combination dyssomnia type had the highest mean blood pressure among dyssomnia types. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in mean blood pressure among adolescents based on dyssomnia types.

Latar belakang: Disomnia merupakan gangguan tidur tersering, hal ini berhubungan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah. Sejauh ini, belum ada penelitian mengenai perbedaan rerata tekanan darah berdasarkan tipe disomnia pada remaja. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan rerata tekanan darah remaja berdasarkan tipe disomnia. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Muara Batang Gadis pada bulan April 2016. Sampel adalah pelajar yang mengalami gangguan tidur berdasarkan kuesioner Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). Pengukuran tinggi badan dan tekanan darah dilakukan disertai pengumpulan data demografis dan kuesioner gangguan tidur. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan regresi logistik. Nilai P<0.05 dianggap signifikan. Hasil: Sampel sebanyak 76 anak dengan rerata usia 13.9 (SB 1.14) tahun. Proporsi disomnia adalah 72/76 sedangkan proporsi hipertensi adalah 20/76. Rerata tekanan darah sistolik (TDS) dan diastolik (TDD) masing-masing 111.1 (SB 16.46) mmHg dan 70.3 (SB 11.98) mmHg. Rerata skor SDSC adalah 49.7 (SB 8.96) dan tipe disomnia yang terbanyak adalah gangguan memulai dan mempertahankan tidur. Usia dan jenis kelamin bukan merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi pada disomnia. Perbedaan yang signifikan pada rerata TDS (P=0.006) dan TDD (P=0.022) ditemukan berdasarkan tipe disomnia. Tipe disomnia kombinasi memiliki rerata tekanan darah tertinggi diantara tipe disomnia lainnya. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan rerata tekanan darah pada remaja berdasarkan tipe disomnia.