Karakteristik Komplikasi Ekstra Paru pada Pasien Covid-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pendidikan Haji Adam Malik Medan Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit infeksius yang disebabkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yang dapat menyebabkan sindrom distres pernapasan akut pada manusia. Meskipun sistem respiratorik merupakan target sistem organ utama yang diserang oleh SARS-CoV-2, namun sistem renal, neurologis, imun, dan kutaneus juga telah berhasil diidentifikasi dan dilaporkan. Maka dari itu penelitian akan mengidentifikasi karakteristik komplikasi ekstrapulmonal pada pasien COVID-19 berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, gejala klinis, hasil laboratorium, dan terapi di RSUP H. Adam Malik, Medan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional menggunakan data rekam medis pasien dengan diagnosis COVID-19 terkonfirmasi positif yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Juli sampai Desember 2020 di ruang rawatan isolasi COVID-19. Data subjek penelitian dikumpul berdasarkan karakteristik demografis dan komplikasi ekstrapulmonal. Data disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi. Hasil: Total 252 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi pada pasien COVID-19 yang mengalami komplikasi ekstrapulmonal. Komplikasi ekstrapulmonal terbanyak dalam penelitian ini adalah gagal ginjal akut sebanyak 19.4% (N=49), diikuti dengan risiko tinggi trombosis 18.3% (N=48). Tiga tertinggi komorbid yang didapati pada pasien COVID-19 dengan komplikasi pulmonal yaitu 27.0% (N=68) dengan hipertensi, 23.8% (N=60) dengan diabetes mellitus, 19.4% (N=49) dengan penyakit ginjal. Kesimpulan: Terdapat kesamaan antara komplikasi ekstrapulmonal dengan komorbid pada pasien COVID-19.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. Although the respiratory system is the main target organ attacked by SARS-CoV-2. Although the respiratory system is the main target organ system attacked by SARS-CoV-2, the renal, neurological, immune, and cutaneous systems have also been identified and reported. Therefore, this study will identify the characteristics of extrapulmonary complications in COVID-19 patients based on age, gender, clinical symptoms, laboratory results, and therapy at H. Adam Malik General Hospital. Methods: This is an observational descriptive study using medical record data of patients with a positive confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis who were hospitalized. This study was conducted from July to December 2020 in the COVID-19 isolation treatment room. Research subject data were collected based on demographic characteristics and extrapulmonary complications. The data is presented in the form of a frequency distribution. Results: A total of 252 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for COVID-19 patients who had extrapulmonary complications. The most extrapulmonary complications in this study were an acute renal failure as much as 19.4% (N=49), followed by a high risk of thrombosis 18.3% (N=48). The three highest comorbidities found in COVID-19 patients with pulmonary complications were 27.0% (N=68) with hypertension, 23.8% (N=60) with diabetes mellitus, 19.4% (N=49) with kidney disease. Conclusion: There are similarities between extrapulmonary complications and comorbidities in COVID-19 patients.