Transesterifikasi CPO Yang Mengandung Asam Lemak Bebas (ALB) Tinggi Menggunakan Katalis Polistirena Bis Fenol A Polikarbonat Sulfonat (PS - PAPS)

Abstract

Transesterification reaction between CPO with ALB 7,76% and methanol used Polystyrena bis Phenol A Polycarbonate Sulfonate (PS-PAPS) as the catalyst. This transesterification reaction was performed in a batch reactor of 0.5 liter equipped with mixer, temperature gauge, and condenser. The variables used in this study were: time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours), temperature (110ºC, 120ºC, 130ºC), and the amount of catalyst (2%, 4%, 6%). From the aspect of reaction kinetics it was seen that there was a direct relationship (proportional) between reaction time, temperature, and amount of catalyst and the yield of FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester). The increasing the reaction time, temperature, and amount of catalyst, the more increasing the yield of FAME will be. The opposite relationship occurred to the composition of glycerides (monoglyceride = MG, diglyceride = DG, triglyceride = TG). The more increasing the yield of FAME is, the more decreasing the percentage of glyceride, for example, in the condition of reaction time = 6 hours, temperature = 130ºC, the amount of the catalyst used = 6%, the respective gain was FAME = 48.01%, and glyceride (MG + DG + TG) = 51.75%. This transesterification reaction resulted in FAME = 48.01% in the condition of reaction time = 6 hours, temperature = 130ºC, the amount of the catalyst used = 6%.

Reaksi transesterifikasi antara CPO ber ALB 7,76% dengan metanol menggunakan Polistirena bis Fenol A Polikarbonat Sulfonat (PS-PAPS) sebagai katalis. Reaksi transesterifikasi ini dilangsungkan dalam reaktor batch berukuran 0,5 liter yang dilengkapi dengan pengaduk, pengukur suhu, kondensor. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah: waktu (2 jam, 4 jam, 6 jam), suhu (110ºC, 120°C, 130ºC), dan jumlah katalis (2%, 4%, 6%). Dari aspek kinetika reaksi terlihat bahwa adanya hubungan langsung (berbanding lurus) antara lama reaksi, suhu, dan jumlah katalis terhadap kadar FAME. Semakin meningkat/bertambahnya waktu, suhu, dan jumlah katalis maka kadar FAME meningkat/bertambah juga. Hubungan sebaliknya terjadi terhadap komposisi gliserida (monogliserida = MG, digliserida = DG, Trigliserida = TG). Meningkatnya kadar FAME maka persentase gliserida semakin menurun, misalnya, pada kondisi: waktu/lama reaksi 6 jam, suhu 130ºC, jumlah katalis yang digunakan 6% maka perolehan masing-masing adalah: FAME = 48,01%, gliserida (MG + DG + TG) = 51,75%. Hasil reaksi transesterifikasi ini diperoleh FAME (fatty acids methyl ester) sejumlah 48,01% pada kondisi: lama reaksi 6 jam, suhu 130°C, dan jumlah katalis 6%.