Hubungan Atopi dan Penyakit Alergi dengan Kejadian Sindrom Nefrotik Idiopatik

Abstract

Background. Allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and bronchiale asthma is a hypersensitivity reaction and its related with atopy. During the last 60 years, numerous study have reported a strong association between idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and atopy. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome can be precipitated by allergic reactions either aeroallergens or food allergens. Objective. This study was performed to examine the association between atopy and allergic diseases with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Methods. A cross sectional study has been conducted on 27 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome between September 2012 and May 2014 in Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Atopy was diagnosed based on positive skin prick test and allergic diseases was diagnosed based on ISAAC Phase I questionnaire. The diagnostic criteria for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome based on the International Study of Kidney Diseases in Children. Associaton of atopy and allergic diseases with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome were analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Results. Of the 27 children in our study, 20 were males with mean age 8.9 years old. Atopy was found in 19 children and allergic diseases was found in a child. The most common allergen sensitization that found in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome was house dust mites. Atopy and allergic disease were not associated with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (P= 1.000 and P= 0.370, respectively). Conclusions. There was no association between atopy and allergic diseases with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Latar belakang. Penyakit alergi seperti dermatitis atopi, rinitis alergi dan asma bronkial merupakan reaksi hipersensitivitas dan berhubungan dengan atopi. Selama 60 tahun terakhir, beberapa studi telah melaporkan hubungan yang kuat antara sindrom nefrotik idiopatik dan atopi. Sindrom nefrotik idiopatik dapat dicetuskan oleh reaksi alergi baik karena alergen inhalan atau alergen makanan. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan atopi dan penyakit alergi dengan sindrom nefrotik idiopatik. Metode. Studi cross sectional dilakukan terhadap 27 anak dengan sindrom nefrotik idiopatik antara September 2012 dan Mei 2014 di Rumah Sakit Haji Adam Malik Medan. Atopi didiagnosis dengan uji tusuk kulit dan penyakit alergi didiagnosis dengan kuesioner ISAAC fase I. Sindrom nefrotik idiopatik didiagnosis berdasarkan the International Study of Kidney Diseases in Children. Hubungan atopi dan penyakit alergi dengan sindrom nefrotik idiopatik dianalisis menggunakan uji Fisher’s exact. Hasil. Dari 27 anak sindrom nefrotik idiopatik didapatkan 20 orang perempuan dan tujuh orang laki-laki dengan usia rerata 8.9 tahun. Atopi dijumpai pada 19 orang dan penyakit alergi hanya pada satu orang. Jenis alergen terbanyak pada sindrom nefrotik idiopatik adalah kutu debu rumah. Tidak ada hubungan atopi dan penyakit alergi dengan sindrom nefrotik idiopatik (P=1.000 dan P=0.370) Kesimpulan. Tidak ada hubungan antara atopi dan penyakit alergi dengan kejadian sindrom nefrotik idiopatik.