Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol, Fraksi n-Heksan, dan Fraksi kloroform Dari Buah Attarasa (Litsea cubeba Lour) Dengan Metode DPPH dan ABTS

Abstract

The fruit of the Attarasa (Litsea cubeba Lour.) is one of the plants of the lauraceae family. Attarasa fruit contains lauric acid, capric acid, oleic acid, essential oils, resins, and alkaloids. The aim of this research was to know the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction and chloroform fraction from attarasa fruit (Litsea cubeba Lour.) with DPPH method (1.1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil) and ABTS (2.2 '-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The Simplicia powder was macerated with ethanol 96% and concentrated by rotary evaporator. Then checked an alkaloid examination with the addition of bouchardat and dragendrof reagents. And then, 5 grams of ethanol extract of attarasa fruit plus 10 ml of ethanol, stirred, filtered, filtrate is poured to the separating funnel with the addition of n-hexane do 3 repetitions, then added with HCL 2N until obtained pH 3, do 3 repetitions, then add NaOH to obtain pH 7, pH 9 and pH 11 is inserted into the separating funnel and do 3 repetitions, then each of the lower layers of the fraction is accommodated and evaporated with a rotary evaporator. The ethanol extract of the attarasa fruit, the n-hexane fraction, and the chloroform fractions of each pH were tested for antioxidant activity against DPPH (1.1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil) and ABTS (2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz- thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The result of alkaloid screening test was positive. The result of measurement of antioxidant activity on DPPH method (1.1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil) showed that chloroform fraction pH 7 had antioxidant activity in very strong category with IC50 value 47.26 μg/ml while result of antioxidant activity measurement on ABTS method (2.2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) showed that the chloroform fraction of pH 7 had antioxidant activity in the strong category with IC50 value 88.80 μg/ml.

Buah Attarasa (Litsea cubeba Lour.) merupakan salah satu tanaman dari famili lauraceae. Buah attarasa mengandung asam laurat, asam kaprik, asam oleat, minyak atsiri, resin, dan alkaloid. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi kloroform dari buah attarasa (Litsea cubeba Lour.) dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil) dan ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Serbuk Simplisia dimaserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% dan dipekatkan menggunakan rotary evaporator. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan alkaloid dengan penambahan reagen bouchardat dan dragendrof. Selanjutnya sebanyak 5 gram ekstrak etanol buah attarasa ditambah 10 ml etanol, diaduk, disaring, filtrat dimasukkan ke dalam corong pisah dengan penambahan n-heksan lakukan 3 kali pengulangan, kemudian ditambah dengan HCL 2N sampai didapat pH 3, lakukan 3 kali pengulangan, kemudian tambahkan NaOH sampai didapat pH 7, pH 9 dan pH 11 dimasukkan ke dalam corong pisah dan lakukan 3 pengulangan, kemudian masing-masing lapisan bawah dari fraksi ditampung dan diuapkan dengan rotary evaporator. Ekstrak etanol buah attarasa, fraksi n-heksan, dan fraksi kloroform masing-masing pH di uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil) dan ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-VIS. Hasil uji skrinning alkaloid dinyatakan positif. Hasil pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan pada metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazil) menunjukkan bahwa fraksi kloroform pH 7 memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dalam kategori sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 47,26 μg/ml sedangkan hasil pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan pada metode ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) menunjukkan bahwa fraksi kloroform pH 7 memiliki