Inventarisasi Jamur Makroskopis di Ekowisata Tangkahan Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara

Abstract

Inventory research in the area of macroscopic fungi Ecotourism Langkat Tangkahan, North Sumatra, had been conducted in February 2010 until April 2010. Funtion of the fungi as decomposers for help to circlus of the matter in the forest. The first survey on the location of the research found a variety of macroscopic fungi, but the data about presence of macroscopic fungi have been not reported. The study aims to determine the types of macroscopic fungi contained in the research area and to identify the relationship of physical factors (light, temperature. water activity) and chemicals factor (pH) for the diversity of macroscopic fungi in the area f research. The research location is determined by purposive sampling. Observations and data collection was done by plot method. The study was conducted on three trail of existing trail. In each plot 20 x 100 m trail made research, explorative observational data, 6.000 m2 wide observation area, located at an altitude of 102-145 m above sea level. The results were obtained 87 kinds of macroscopic fungi consisting of 25 families. The dominant species on the trail one is Crepidotus herbarum, the second trail Cantharellus sp., on the third trail Polyporus varius. The dominant species of macroscopic fungi in the study area is Polyporus varius. Index of heterogenety in trail 1 is 3,236814, in trail 2 is 2,470881 and trail 3 is 2,64468. Index of equitability in trail 1 is 0,840699, in trail 2 is 0,661075 and trail 3 is 0,749976. Index of similarity between trail 1 with 2 is 70,41%, between trail 1 with 3 is 44,26%, and between trail 2 with 3 is 38,16%. The Pearson anality between water activity factor is possitive correlation with heterogenity of macroscopic fungi and temperature factor, light intensity, and pH are negative correlations with heterogenity of macroscopic fungi.

Penelitian Inventarisasi jamur makroskopis di Ekowisata Tangkahan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara, telah dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari 2010 sampai April 2010. Jamur berperan sebagai dekomposer untuk membantu siklus materi dalam ekosistem hutan. Survei pendahuluan di lokasi penelitian ditemukan berbagai jamur makroskopis, namun data mengenai keberadaan jamur makroskopis belum dilaporkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jamur makroskopis dan mengetahui hubungan faktor fisik ( intensitas cahaya, suhu, kelembaban) dan kimia (pH) terhadap keanekaragaman jamur makroskopis di kawasan penelitian. Lokasi penelitian ditentukan secara purposive sampling. Pengamatan dan pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode petak. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 trail yang ada. Pada setiap trail penelitian dibuat petak 20x100 m, pengamatan data secara eksploratif. Areal pengamatan seluas 6.000 m2, berada pada ketinggian 102–145 m dpl. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 87 jenis jamur makroskopis yang terdiri dari 25 famili. Spesies yang dominan pada trail 1 adalah Crepidotus herbarum, pada trail 2 Cantharellus sp., dan pada trail 3 Polyporus varius. Jenis jamur makroskopis yang dominan di ekowisata Tangkahan adalah Polyporus varius. Indeks keanekaragaman pada trail 1: 3,236814, trail 2: 2,470881 dan trail 3: 2,64468. Indeks kemerataan pada trail 1: 0,840699, pada trail 2: 0,661075, dan trail 3: 0,749976. Indeks kesamaan antara trail 1 dengan 2 sebesar 70,41%, antara trail 1 dengan 3 sebesar 44,26%, dan antara trail 2 dengan 3 sebesar 38,16%. Analisis korelasi antara faktor kelembaban udara berkorelasi positif dengan keanekaragaman jenis jamur dan faktor suhu udara, intensitas cahaya dan pH berkorelasi negatif dengan keanekaragaman jenis jamur.