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    Kajian Kerawanan Banjir di Wilayah DAS Padang Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis

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    Date
    2011
    Author
    Irsan, Muhammad
    Advisor(s)
    Nasution, Zulkifli
    Widhiastuti, Retno
    Hisyam, Nazaruddin
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    Abstract
    Padang Watershed is categorized as one of the First Degree National Prioritized Watershed for its complexity of problems and rated of having most critical condition in its social and physical condition. Flood is one of the main problem in Padang Watershed. This research is presented in descriptive quantitative to show the current condition of Padang Watershed recharge area, the distribution of Padang Watershed land units potential as flood water supplier and the distribution of flood prone areas. Field survey and mapping overlay method was carried out to analyze the problems using Geographical Information System application. This research discovered that during 2004 to present there have been an increase of percentage in the extent of critical rated recharge areas by 2.31%. From field survey, it is discovered that there have been land clearing practice in Padang Watershed during replanting by major plantation in massive extent (more than 1 km2), this will affect the value of the land actual infiltration compared to its potential infiltration value to the very critical rate. For its biophysical characteristics that supports the surface water to enter the water body much faster compared to other Sub Watershed, this research conclude that the flood water supplier land unit of the Padang Sub Watershed upstream have more prominent role than in the other Sub Watershed, and for that reason it should be the prioritized for rehabilitation and land utilization management enforcement by regulations. The critical rate increase and the high value of flood water supply rate occur as results of an inappropriate land use and land utilization. Flood prone areas were distributed in different areas of Padang Watershed with various rate, which the highest prone rate were found in Tebing tinggi District and in Serdang Bedagai Regency shore, which located in the downstream of Padang Watershed.
     
    Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Padang tergolong sebagai DAS Prioritas I Nasional karena menunjukkan kondisi dan permasalahan biofisik dan sosek DAS yang paling kritis atau tidak sehat. Salah satu permasalahan DAS Padang adalah banjir. Penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi kekritisan daerah resapan, potensi yang dimiliki berbagai unit lahan sebagai pemasok air banjir dan persebaran daerah rawan banjir di wilayah DAS Padang. Kajian dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif, melalui analisis tumpang susun (overlay) peta dengan memanfaatkan teknologi Sistem Informasi Geografis dan kalibrasi melalui survei lapangan. Dari hasil kajian diketahui bahwa selama kurun waktu tahun 2004 sampai dengan 2010 terdapat peningkatan tingkat kekritisan peresapan pada berbagai unit lahan di wilayah DAS Padang yang keseluruhannya sebesar 2,31%. Berdasarkan hasil survei lapangan ditemukan bahwa pada penggunaan lahan perkebunan di wilayah DAS Padang terjadi perubahan ekstrim dalam cakupan wilayah yang luas (lebih dari 1 km2) pada masa peremajaan tanaman melalui praktek land clearing, dalam skala yang besar hal tersebut dapat berakibat pada menurunnya nilai infiltrasi aktual lahan dibandingkan nilai infiltrasi potensialnya hingga mencapai tingkatan sangat kritis. Wilayah pemasok air banjir yang berada di wilayah hulu Sub DAS Padang perlu mendapat prioritas penanganan berupa rehabilitasi dan penegakan peraturan terkait penataan ruang, karena karakteristik biofisiknya yang mendukung aliran air permukaan untuk lebih cepat mencapai sungai dibandingkan Sub DAS lainnya. Peningkatan kekritisan dan tingginya potensi pasokan air banjir terjadi sebagai akibat perubahan penggunaan lahan dan pemanfaatan ruang yang tidak tepat. Wilayah rawan banjir tersebar dengan berbagai tingkat kerawanan di wilayah DAS Padang, dengan tingkat kerawanan banjir tertinggi berada di wilayah Kota Tebing Tinggi dan di bagian hilir DAS Padang yang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai.

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/39780
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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara - 2025

    Universitas Sumatera Utara

    Perpustakaan

    Resource Guide

    Katalog Perpustakaan

    Journal Elektronik Berlangganan

    Buku Elektronik Berlangganan

    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV