Keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula di Hutan Pantai Sonang, Tapanuli Tengah

Abstract

The objective of this study was to find out existence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as well as its relationship with soil salinity level in Sonang coastal forest, Tapanuli Tengah. Soil sample was taken from each plot. For spores isolation, fifty gram of soil sample was taken from each plot. The AMF spores were isolated using filtering-pouring method to calculate the number of spores, identification of spores and colonization of roots were observed using staining method. The result showed that salinity affected negatively on both the existence and diversity of AMF and root colonization. The decrease of soil salinity level was followed by the increasing in density and diversity of spores as well as the percentage of root colonization. The result of trapping of spores with Pueraria javanica plant produced more number of spores than the number of spores isolated from the field. There were 28 types of AMF spores found in this study, 26 types of those were Glomus and two other types were Acaulospora. Colonization was found in all roots of sample plant. The percentages of colonization were generally classified as low to medium level.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) di hutan Pantai Sonang, Tapanuli Tengah dan hubungannya dengan tingkat salinitas tanah. Sampel tanah diambil dari setiap petak ukur. Untuk isolasi spora digunakan 50 gram tanah sampel dari setiap petak ukur. Isolasi spora FMA menggunakan metode tuang saring untuk penghitungan spora, identifikasi spora dan kolonisasi akar diteliti dengan menggunakan metode pewarnaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap keberadaan dan keanekaragaman FMA serta persentase kolonisasi akar. Penurunan tingkat salinitas tanah diikuti dengan peningkatan kepadatan dan keanekaragaman spora serta persentase kolonisasi akar. Hasil trapping spora dengan tanaman inang Pueraria javanica menghasilkan jumlah spora yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan spora yang diisolasi dari lapangan. Pada penelitian ini didapat 28 jenis spora FMA, 26 jenis merupakan genus Glomus dan 2 jenis lainnya merupakan genus Acaulospora. Kolonisasi ditemukan pada semua akar tanaman sampel. Persentase kolonisasi secara umum adalah rendah sampai dengan sedang.