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    Optimasi dan Kinetika Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit Menjadi Etil Ester

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    Fulltext (2.146Mb)
    Date
    2005
    Author
    Manurung, Renita
    Advisor(s)
    Darnoko, D
    Masyitah, Zuhrina
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    Abstract
    The production of ethyl ester from Refined-Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO), to be used asa diesel substitute (biodiesel) has been studied. The experiments have been performed to determine the optimum condition and to study the kinetics of transesterification of RBDPO-ethanol with KOH as catalyst. The process transesterification was optimized by application of the Response Surface Methodology with experimental design was central composite design. The transesterification process was conducted in I liter reactor capacity which was equipped with magnetis stirer, thermometer, condensor and sampling port. Catalyst concentration, molar ratio ofethanol to oil and temperature were found to have a positive influence of conversion with 99,99% confidence level. A secondorder model was obtained to predict conversion as a function of catalyst concentration, molar ratio and temperature. Optimum condition for the production of ethyl ester were found to be moderate temperatures (80-86°C), catalyst concentrations were 0.7%-10% and molar ratio were 10:1 to 13:1. Transesterification of RBDPO with ethanol in the presence of KOH as catalyst was second order reaction with reaction velocity constant at 80°C was 9.8429 x 10-3 liter. Mol-1 . Menit-1.
     
    Bahan bakar biodiesel dari minyak nabati merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang telah banyak dikaji mengenai proses produksi dan pemanfaatannya. Etil ester adalah salah satu biodiesel yang sudah digunakan sebagai campuran diesel petroleum. Proses produksi etil ester melalui transesterifikasi minyak sawit menggunakan etanol dengan bantuan katalis basa telah diteliti dengan tujuan mengetahui kondisi optimum dan kinetika reaksi, Percobaan dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan reaktor kapasitas 1 liter yang dilengkapi dengan pengaduk magnetik, kondensor, termometer dan port tempat pengambilan sampel, Percobaan optimasi dilakukan menggunakan metoda Response Surface Methodology dengan desain percobaan berbentuk Central Composite Design (CCD). Bahan yang digunakan adalah Refined-Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO), etanol 99,9% dan katalis KOH. Sedang percobaan untuk kinetika dilakukan pada kondisi konsentrasi katalis 0,7%; rasio molar etanol terhadap minyak 10:1 dan temperatur 80ºC. Dari hasil percobaan optimasi diperoleh bahwa ketiga faktor (variabel) konsentrasi katalis, rasio molar dan temperatur berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap transesterifikasi minyak sawit menjadi etil ester dengan tingkat kepercayaan 99,99%. Kondisi optimum dari tiap variabel yaitu : konsentrasi katalis = 0,7% - 0,8%; rasio molar = 10:1 - 13:1 dan temperatur 80°C - 86°C. Transesterifikasi minyak sawit menjadi etil ester merupakan reaksi orde-2 dengan konstanta kecepatan reaksi pada 80ºC sebesar 9,8429 x 10-3 liter molar menit.

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/41299
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    • Master Theses [139]

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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV