Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Tanaman Lahan Sawah dan Lahan Kering di Kecamatan Hamparan Perak Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Abstract

Hamparan Perak is one of potentially agricultural land districts in Deli Serdang. It has 7.048 ha paddy fields and 3,998 ha dry land. Lack of information about land suitability will affect to its degradation. A land suitability study is need to provide this information. The objective of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of the suitability of wetland and dryland in Hamparan Perak district of Deli Serdang, to analyze improvement needs to be done in improving crop productivity and to make the land suitability maps of actual and potential for rice crop and some dry land crops. Survey method was used for this research. Land unit was based on soil maps consists of 12 points and 6 profiles. Matching method was used for analysis of land suitability. The results showed that the level of land suitability for following crops: rice (Oryza sativa) was classified as moderately suitable (S2) covering an area of 14.093, 883 ha and as marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 17.347.141 h; corn (Zea mays), was classified as moderately suitable (S2) covering an area of 19.391,019 ha and marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 12.050,005 h;soybean (Glicine max) was classified as marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 31.441,024 ha; cassava (Manihot utilissima) was classified as marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 31.441,024 ha; sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) ) was classified as marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 31.441,024 ha; sapodilla (Achras zapota) was classified as moderately suitable (S2) covering an area of 17660.583 ha and as appropriate class marginal (S3) covering an area of 13780.441 ha; mango (Mangifera indica) was classified as marginally suitable (S3) covering an area of 31.441,024 ha; breadfruit (Astocarpus astilis) was classified moderately suitable (S2) covering an area of 17.660,58 hectares and as marginally suitable class (S3) covering an area of 13.780,44 ha.

Serdang yang memiliki luas lahan pertanian yang potensial, dimana seluas 7.048 ha adalah lahan sawah dan 3.998 ha adalah lahan kering. Luas lahan pertanian yang besar ini belum didukung oleh Informasi mengenai kesesuaian lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik tingkat kesesuaian lahan sawah dan lahan kering di Kecamatan Hamparan Perak Kabupaten Deli Serdang, untuk menganalisis usaha–usaha perbaikan yang perlu dilakukan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman dan untuk membuat peta kesesuaian lahan aktual dan kesesuaian lahan potensial tanaman padi sawah dan beberapa tanaman lahan kering di Kecamatan Hamparan Perak Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Metode yang di gunakan adalah metode survei. satuan unit lahan berdasarkan peta tanah terdiri dari 12 titik bor dan 6 lobang profil. Metode analisisnya adalah dengan metode membandingkan (matching). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk tanaman padi sawah (Oryza sativa) adalah cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 14.093, 883 ha dan sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 17.347,141 ha. Untuk tanaman jagung (Zea mays) termasuk cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 19.391, 019 ha dan sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 12.050,005 ha. Untuk tanaman kedelai (Glicine max) termasuk sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 31.441,024 ha. Untuk tanaman ubi kayu (Manihot utilissima) termasuk kelas sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 31.441,024 ha. Untuk tanaman ubi jalar (Ipomea batatas) termasuk kelas sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 31.441,024 ha. Untuk tanaman sawo (Achras zapota) termasuk kelas cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 17.660,583 ha dan kelas sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 13.780,441 ha. Untuk tanaman mangga (Mangifera indica) termasuk kelas sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 31.441,024 ha. Untuk tanaman sukun (Astocarpus astilis) termasuk kelas cukup sesuai (S2) seluas 17.660,58 ha dan kelas sesuai marginal (S3) seluas 13.780,44 ha.