Analisis Potensi dan Arah Pengembangan Desa Pesisir di Kabupaten Batu Bara

Abstract

Batu Bara District is one of the coastal areas in North Sumatera which has great economic potency. In 2012, PDRB per capita in Batu Bara District was 55.13 million rupiahs which was the highest PDRB in North Sumatera. However, Batu Bara District still has complex problems such as high level of poverty and low level of the quality of human resources in the coastal area. In organizing the strategy of coastal area development in Batu Bara District, it is necessary to conduct a research in order to identify the potency and the direction of its development. Based on the analysis of village hierarchy with a scalogram (in order to find out the relative performance of the development level of the coastal areas, compared with the other villages), it was found that of 19 coastal villages in Batu Bara District, only one of them, Tanjung Tiram village, was in the category of hierarchy I (high development), seven of them were in the category of hierarchy II (moderate development), and 11 of them were in the category of hierarchy III (low development). Based on multivatriate analysis, it was found that there were three clusters of village development with different characteristics: Cluster I (included good access to central Administration, moderate level of welfare, inadequate education and health facilities, adequate economic facilities, good quality of environment, and moderate level of public participation); Cluster II (included high level of welfare, good access to central Administration, adequate access to education and health facilities, adequate economic facilities, good quality of environment, and high level of public participation); and Cluster III (included low level of welfare, bad access to central Administration, bad economic facilities, bad quality of environment, and low level of public participation). The direction of development was adjusted to the characteristics of each area: Cluster I (included improving the number and types of home/small/micro businesses, improving the number of and access to education and health facilities, and improving human resources and active public participation); Cluster II (included empowering home/small/micro businesses and improving the quality of human resources through the improvement of the access to technological information and course/skill institutions); and Cluster III (included improving people’s standard of living, developing the number and types of home/small/micro businesses, improving the number of and access to education, health, and economic facilities and infrastructure, and organizing slum areas).

Kabupaten Batu Bara merupakan salah satu daerah pesisir di Sumatera Utara yang memiliki potensi ekonomi yang besar. Pada tahun 2012 PDRB per kapita Kabupaten Batu Bara sebesar 55,13 juta rupiah dan tertinggi di Sumatera Utara. Namun Kabupaten Batu Bara memiliki permasalahan kompleks yaitu tingginya tingkat kemiskinan dan rendahnya kualitas sumberdaya manusia yang utamanya terjadi di daerah pesisir. Dalam menyusun strategi pengembangan desa pesisir di Kabupaten Bara diperlukan suatu penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan arah pengembangannya. Berdasarkan analisis hierarki desa dengan skalogram (untuk mengetahui keragaan relatif tingkat perkembangan desa-desa pesisir dibanding desa lainnya), menunjukkan bahwa dari 19 desa pesisir di Kabupaten Batu Bara hanya satu desa tergolong hierarki I (perkembangan maju) yaitu desa Tanjung Tiram, selanjutnya hierarki II (perkembangan sedang) berjumlah 7 desa dan hierarki III (perkembangan rendah) berjumlah 11 desa. Berdasarkan analisis multivariate, ada tiga cluster perkembangan desa dengan karakteristik yang berbeda yaitu: Cluster I (akses terhadap pusat pemerintahan baik, tingkat kesejahteraan sedang, sarana pendidikan dan kesehatan kurang memadai, sarana ekonomi cukup memadai, kualitas lingkungan baik, tingkat partisipasi warga sedang); Cluster II (tingkat kesejahteraan tinggi, akses terhadap pusat pemerintahan cukup baik, jumlah dan akses sarana pendidikan dan kesehatan yang memadai, sarana ekonomi memadai, kualitas lingkungan baik, partisipasi warga tinggi); dan Cluster III (tingkat kesejahteraan rendah, akses terhadap pusat pemerintahan rendah, sarana ekonomi rendah, kualitas lingkungan rendah, partisipasi warga rendah). Arahan pengembangan disesuaikan dengan karakteristik masing-masing wilayah yaitu: Cluster I (peningkatan jumlah dan jenis usaha rumahtangga/kecil/mikro, meningkatkan jumlah dan akses pada sarana pendidikan dan kesehatan, meningkatkan kualitas SDM dan peran serta aktif warga); Cluster II (penguatan usaha rumahtangga/kecil/mikro, meningkatkan kualitas SDM melalui peningkatan akses terhadap sarana teknologi informasi dan lembaga kursus/keterampilan); dan Cluster III (meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat, pengembangan jumlah dan jenis usaha rumahtangga/kecil/mikro, peningkatan jumlah dan akses terhadap sarana/prasarana pendidikan, kesehatan dan ekonomi serta penataan lingkungan kumuh).