Analisis Semantik Bahasa Mandailing

Abstract

This research was conducted to get the analytical description of the semantics of the Mandaliling language, particularly of the lexical semantics and the sentential semantics according to both semantic theory and concept. The collection of data derived from both orally and written sources. The oral data were obtained from the Mandailing speakers who live in a place where this language is used, i.e., at Kotanopan, while written data was collected from several textbooks or literatures written in Mandailing language. The data have been collected by using two techniques, i.e., observation and interview. The result of the research is presented by using structural semantic approach which describes language from the framework of semantic analysis theory. The analysis of the semantics of the Mandailing language covers : (I )Lexeme, (2) integration of lexeme, (3) idiom, (4) lexical properties, (5) lexical relation,(6) sentence meaning properties, (7) sentence meaning relation, (8)linguistic contexts affecting the meaning properties and relations, particularly at the phrase, clause or sentence level.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran deskriptif analitik semantik bahasa Mandailing, khususnya semantik leksikal dan semantik kalimat menurut teori dan konsep semantik. Pengumpulan data berasal dari sumber data lisan dan tulisan. Data lisan diperoleh dari penutur bahasa Mandailing yang berada di wilayah pemakaian bahasa tersebut yaitu di Kotanopan, sedangkan data tulisan diperoleh dari naskah-naskah yang ditulis dalam bahasa Mandailing. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan dua tekhnik yaitu observasi dan wawancara Hasil penelitian yang disajikan menggunakan pendekatan semantic struktural yang mendiskripsikan bahasa dengan kerangka teori analisis makna Pembahasan semantik bahasa Mandailing mencakup: (1) leksem, (2) paduan leksem, (3) idiom, (4) ciri-ciri makna leksikal, (5) hubungan makna leksikal, (6) ciri-ciri makna kalimat, (7) hubungan makna kalimat, (8) konteks linguistik yang mempengaruhi ciri dan hubungan makna, khususnya pada tingkat frasa, klausa ataupun kalimat.