Pengaruh Tuntutan Kerja dan Hubungan Atasan - Bawahan terhadap Stres Kerja ( The Influence of Job Demands and Leader Member Exchange on Job Stress)

Abstract

Job stress is frequently undergone by employees, and continuous job stress can cause maladaptive responses such as tiredness, illness, low productivity, job accident, and decrease in job performance (Burke & Greenglass, 1991; Rivera, 2013). The research was focused on two sources of job stress: job demands and leader -member exchange. The studied dimensions of job demands were workload, em otional load, cognitive load, while the dimensions of leader -member exchange were contribution, loyalty, affection and profesional respect. The purpose of the research was to find out the influence of job demands and leader -member exchange on job stress and the influence of the dimensions of job demands and leader-member exchange on job stress at PT. X. The research used quantitative method an 140 employees at PT. X. The instrument for the parameter was scales of job demands, leader -member exchange, and job stress. The result of the analysis, using multiple linear regression, showed that there was positive influence of job demand and leader -member exchange on job stress (R = 0.433; R2 = 18.87 %; F = 15.776; p = 0.000). There was positive influence of the dimensions of job demands and leader - member exchange on job stress (R = 0.369; R 2 = 13.6 %; F = 21.735; p = 0.000) with the dimensions of affection and workload which had the most contribution to employees on job stress. The result of the research would be the basis for determining the company’s intervention such as training for supervisors.

Stres kerja merupakan masalah yang sering dijumpai karyawan, stres kerja yang berkepanjangan menghasilkan respon maladaptif seperti kelelahan, penyakit, produktivitas rendah, kecelakaan kerja dan penurunan prestasi kerja (Burke & Greenglass, 1991; Rivera, 2013). Penelitian ini berfokus pada dua sumber stres kerja yaitu tuntutan kerja dan hubungan atasan-bawahan. Adapun dimensi-dimensi tuntutan kerja yang diteliti yaitu beban kerja yang berlebih (workload), beban emosional (emotional load) dan beban kognitif (cognitive load). Sedangkan diimensi hubungan atasan-bawahan yaitu kontribusi, loyalitas, afeksi dan profesional respek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh tuntutan kerja dan hubungan atasan -bawahan terhadap stres kerja dan bagaimana pengaruh dimensi tuntutan kerja dan dimensi hubungan atasan-bawahan terhadap stres kerja di PT. X. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada 140 orang karyawan PT. X. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah skala tuntutan kerja ( job demands), skala hubungan atasanbawahan (leader member exchange) dan skala stres kerja. Hasil analisa dengan menggunakan regresi linear berganda menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif tuntutan kerja dan hubungan atasan -bawahan terhadap stres kerja (R = 0,433; R2 = 18,7%; F = 15,776; p = 0,000), serta ada pengaruh positif dimensi tuntutan kerja dan dimensi hubungan atasan-bawahan terhadap stres kerja ( R= 0,369; R2 = 13,6%; F = 21,735; p = 0,000) dengan dimensi afeksi dan dimensi workload yang paling memberikan kontribusi terhadap tingkat stres kerja karyawan. Hasil penelitian ini selanjutnya akan menjadi dasar untuk menetapkan intervensi perusahaan yaitu berupa pelatihan supervisor.