Pengaruh Jarak Sumur terhadap Kualitas Air Sumur Penduduk di Daerah Sawah Irigasi Yangmenggunakan Pestisida (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Sunggal Kabupaten Deli Serdang)

Abstract

The research of this study was conducted in Dusun Bandar Meriah, Sukamaju Village, Sunggal Subdistrict, Deli Serdang District. It’s aimed to observe water quality or resident’s well which are located closely by the agricultural land in terms of the presence of pesticide residue in accordance with it’s group or the active materials contained in it; to find out the influence of the well distance from the agricultural land on the well water quality in terms of the pesticide residue presence in accordance with It’s group or the active materials contained in it; and to find out the recident’s attitude and perception for pesticide use in their agricultural lands. The data on the well water quality was obtained through laboratory analysis while the data on the resident’s attitude and perception were obtained through questionnaire-based interviews conducted on 50 respondents whose wells are located very close to the irrigated rice fields. The data on the well water quality were processed and analyzed through ANOVA, Regression and Correlation tests. To find out the resident’s attitude and perception on the use of pesticide, the data found through interviewing the respondents were analyzed through descriptive method. The distance from the wells to the irrigated rice fields was divided into 3 (three) groups with the average distance for Group I was 2 m, Group II was 6 m, and Group III was 14 m. The result of this study showed that 0.024 mg/kg pesticide residue with active material of Deltametrine of Piretroid group was found in the water of the wells located 2 m from the irrigated rice fields and 0.023 mg/kg in the water of the well located 6 m from the irrigated rice fields. The distance from the wells to the irrigated rice fields did not have significant influence on the level of pesticide residue in accordance with its group or active materials contained in the pesticide residue. The correlation between the starting point of the distance between the wells and the irrigated rice fields with the level of pesticide residue which is in accordance with its group or active materials it contained found in the well water was high. The attitude of all of the 50 respondents (100%) towards the water of the wells which are very close to the irrigated rice fields was that they are worried that their well water contains the pesticide residue.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Dusun Bandar Meriah, Desa Sukamaju, Kecamatan Sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Tujuannya, untuk mengetahui kualitas air sumur penduduk yang berdekatan dengan lahan pertanian ditinjau dari keberadaan residu pestisida sesuai dengan golongannya atau bahan aktif yang terkandung dalam residu pestisida tersebut, mengetahui pengaruh jarak sumur dari areal lahan pertanian terhadap kualitas air sumur penduduk ditinjau dari keberadaan residu pestisida sesuai dengan golongannya atau bahan aktif yang terkandung dalam residu pestisida tersebut, dan mengetahui sikap dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap penggunaan pestisida di areal pertaniannya. Data kualitas air sumur diketahui melalui analisis laboratorium, sedangkan data sikap dan persepsi masyarakat dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada 50 responden yang sumurnya berdekatan dengan sawah irigasi. Data kualitas air sumur diolah dan dilakukan analisis Sidik Ragam serta analisis Regresi dan analisis Korelasi. Untuk mengetahui sikap dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap penggunaan pestisida, data hasil wawancara dengan responden dianalisis dengan metode deskriftif. Pengelompokan jarak sumur ke sawah irigasi dibuat menjadi tiga kelompok dengan rata-rata jarak adalah; kelompok I rata-rata 2 m, kelompok II rata-rata 6 m dan kelompok III rata-rata 14 m. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, terdapat residu pestisida dengan bahan aktif Deltametrin golongan Piretroid dalam air sumur jarak 2 m ke sawah irigasi yakni sebesar 0,024 mg/kg dan sebesar 0,023 mg/kg dalam air sumur jarak 6 m ke sawah irigasi. Jarak sumur ke sawah irigasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar residu pestisida sesuai dengan golongannya atau bahan aktif yang terkandung dalam residu pestisida tersebut. Korelasi antara jarak titik sumur ke sawah irigasi dengan kadar residu pestisida sesuai dengan golongannya atau bahan aktif yang terkandung dalam residu pestisida tersebut dalam air sumur, tinggi. Sikap responden terhadap air sumur yang letaknya berdekatan dengan sawah irigasi, seluruh responden (50 responden atau 100 %) khawatir air sumur mengandung residu pestisida.