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    Optimasi Transesterifikasi Refinery Bleached Deodorized palm Oil Menjadi Metil Estes Menggunakan Katalis Lithium Hidroksida

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    Date
    2008
    Author
    Harahap, Hendar
    Advisor(s)
    Herawan, Tjahjono
    Sinaga, Mersi Suryani
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    Abstract
    The existence of palm oil as one of vegetable oils resources, relatively accepted by domestic and world markets. The major palm oil product that being issued currently is methyl ester or called biodiesel as renewable energy resource and enviromental frendly. Synthesis methyl ester throught Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) transesterification used methanol and reaction rate were investigated. The experiment conducted in laboratorium scale by used 250 ml volume batch reactor which is completed with magnetic stirrer, thermocouple, reflux concensor and volume pipette, respectively. The experiment is conducted by used Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with experiment design that in form Central Composite Design (CCD). The material that used are RBDPO, methanol and lithium hydroxide catalyst, respectively. Maximum reaction conditions were obtained with catalyst concentration of 0,5% wt, molar ratio of methanol to oil at 14:1, reaction temperature at 65ºC and reaction time 30 minutes. Convertion of RBDPO to methyl esters in excess of 99,9165% was archieved. From the optimize results obtained that three factors (variables) catalyst concentration more significant than molar ratio, while temperature influence to RBDPO transesterification to methyl ester. The RBDPO transesterification used lithium hydroxide catalyst to methyl esters is second order reaction with 3,0727 × 10-3 litre.mole-1.minute-1 reaction rate constant at 65ºC.
     
    Keberadaan minyak kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu sumber minyak nabati relatif cepat diterima oleh pasar domestik dan pasar dunia. Produk utama kelapa sawit yang ramai diperbincangkan dewasa ini adalah metil ester atau disebut juga biodiesel sebagai sumber energi terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan. Proses sintesa metil ester melalui transesterifikasi Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) menggunakan metanol dengan katalis lithium hidroksida dengan tiga variabel, konsentrasi katalis, rasio molar dan temperatur reaksi. Percobaan dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium menggunakan reaktor batch dengan kapasitas 250 ml yang dilengkapi magnetic stirrer, thermocouple, reflux kondensor dan pipet volume untuk pengambilan sampel. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan desain percobaan berbentuk Central Composite design (CCD). Bahan yang digunakan adalah RBDPO, metanol teknis dan katalis lithium hidroksida. Kinetika reaksi dilakukan pada kondisi maksimum yang diperoleh pada konsentrasi katalis 0,5%, rasio molar RBDPO terhadap metanol 1:14, temperatur reaksi 65ºC dan waktu reaksi 30 menit dengan konversi metil ester sebesar 99,9165%. Dari hasil percobaan optimasi diperoleh bahwa ketiga faktor (variabel) konsentrasi katalis lebih signifikan di bandingkan dengan rasio molar sedangkan variabel temperatur memiliki pengaruh terhadap transesterifikasi RBDPO menjadi metil ester. Transesterifikasi RBDPO menggunakan katalis lithium hidroksida menjadi metil ester merupakan reaksi orde-2 dengan konstanta kecepatan reaksi pada 65ºC sebesar 3,0727 × 10-3 liter.mol-1.menit-1

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/41771
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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara (RI-USU)
    Universitas Sumatera Utara | Perpustakaan | Resource Guide | Katalog Perpustakaan
    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV