Pengaruh Anggaran Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) terhadap Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa SMP di Kota Medan

Abstract

The objective of the research was to find out the correlation and the effectiveness of BOS (School Operation Assistance) fund with the improvement of SMP students' learning achievement in Medan. BOS program has started since July, 2005 which is aimed to ease people's burden in education cost by giving financial aid for supporting qualified nine-year learning compulsory. Although the government has distributed BOS fund to schools, there are still many poor children who drop out of school, and there are still many schools which collect money under certain conditions. The research was a causal type which was aimed to find out the correlation between independent variable (the allocation of BOS fund) and dependent variable (the quality of teachers and students). The population was 17 SMP Negeri and 14 SMP Swasta in Medan. The samples were taken by using purposive sampling technique. The result of the research showed that the types of budget for BOS fund which had positive influence on the quality of students were the purchase of books for changing the discarded ones, budget for extracurricular activities, and budget for developing teachers' profession which could influence the quality of students. Budget for purchasing computers and printers, fees for temporary teachers, and budget for developing teachers' profession also influenced the quality of students through the quality of teachers as an intervening variable at 4l.I7ok, while BOS fund for transportation, uniforms, shoes and stationery, budget for examinations, and budget for recruiting new students did not have any influence on the quality of students.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan dan keefektifitasan dana BOS dalam peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa SMP di Kota Medan. Program Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) yang dimulai sejak bulan Juli 2005 bertujuan untuk meringankan beban masyarakat terhadap pembiayaan pendidikan dengan memberikan bantuan dana guna menunjang pencapaian wajib belajar 9 tahun yang bermutu. Meskipun pemerintah telah menyalurkan dana BOS, masih banyak anak-anak Indonesia yang miskin putus sekolah dan masih ada sekolah yang melakukan kutipan-kutipan lain dengan berbagai dalih. Jenispenelitian yang digunakanbersifatkausal, untukmelihathubungan variable independen yaitu alokasi dana BOS terhadap variabel dependen yaitu mutu guru dan mutu siswa. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 17 SMP Negeri dan 14 SMP Swasta di kota Medan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode Purposive Sampling. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, jenis anggaran dana BOS yang berpengaruh positif terhadap mutu siswa adalah anggaran pembelian buku teks yang rusak, anggaran kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dan anggaran pengembangan profesi guru. Mutu guru dari segi profesionalisme mengajar juga mempengaruhi mutu siswa. Anggaran pembelian komputer dan printer, pembayaran honor guru honorer dan biaya pengembangan profesi guru mempengaruhi mutu siswa melalui variabel intervening mutu guru dengan besar pengaruhnya 41,17%. Sedangkan dana BOS untuk anggaran biaya transportasi, seragam, sepatu dan alat tulis, anggaran biaya ulangan dan ujian, serta dana penerimaan siswa baru tidak mempengaruhi mutu siswa.