Analisis Kualitas Air Dihubungkan Dengan Kepadatan Makrozoobentos di Perairan Sungai Ular Kabupaten

Abstract

The Associated of Water Quality Analysis with Makrozoobentic’s density in the waters of the Ular River Deli Serdang regency was conducted in October to November 2012. The location of research in waters of the Ular River with five research stations which determined by Purposive Random Sampling method based on local conditions and the allotment of the waters. Sampling was repeated nine times for each station. Analyses were performed using SPSS program version 16.0 The parameters measured were the parameters of physics, chemistry and biology, then its value compared to the value of water quality standards in accordance with Government Regulation Number 82 Year 2001. The average value of each parameter measurement results are: temperature = 27 0C, pH = 6.95, DO = 6.7 mg / l, BOD = 3.6 mg / l, Nitrate = 0.9785 mg / l, Phosphate = 0.095 mg / l, COD = 16.32 mg / l, TSS = 35.2 mg / l, TDS = 338.4 mg / l and Total Coliform = 555.5 / 100 ml water sample. Fraction substrate at stations 1 and 2 are dominated by sand. ie 96.2% and 94.4%, at station 3, 4 and 5 are dominated by mud with a percentage of 62.2%, 74.2% and 88.1%. The test results of Coliform MPN method gives the average number of 555.5 / 100 ml water sample. The results of the determination of the status of the water quality based on physical, chemical and biological methods Storet is done by adding up the value of each parameter that has a default value for the quality, it is obtained a total score of -20, which means that Ular rivers was moderately polluted. The results of Makrozoobentic identification contained in the Ular river are 20 genuses consisting of three phyla are: Annelida (one genus), Arthropoda (sixteen genuses) and Molluscs (three genuses). Of twenty genuses contained in the Ular river, the highest number of density is Palaeomonetes with average K = 15,5556 ind/m2, KR = 20,7237 % and FK = 21,6984. The value of makrozoobentic’s diversity index wich found in the Ular river include range fron medium to low (H '= 1.926 to 2.620), while the similarity index is high (E = 0.836 to 0.947 / close to 1) which means that no species or group of organisms that are too dominant against others. Biotic index = 13, which means Ular river is not polluted status (IB> 10). Physical and chemical factors such as temperature, light intensity, light penetration, flow velocity, pH, DO and substrate fractions (sand) has a positive correlation with the density of makrozoobentic, while the temperature, BOD, NO3, PO4, TSS, TDS, COD, organic substrates, substrate fraction (silt and clay) has a negative correlation.

Hubungan Analisis Kualitas Air dengan Kepadatan Makrozoobentos di Perairan Sungai Ular Kabupaten Deli Serdang telah diteliti pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan Nopember 2012. Penelitian dilakukan di sungai Ular dengan lima stasiun penelitian yang ditentukan dengan metode Purposive Random Sampling berdasarkan kondisi dan peruntukan daerah perairan tersebut. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan sembilan kali ulangan untuk setiap stasiun. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 16,0 Parameter yang diamati adalah parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi, kemudian nilainya dibandingkan dengan nilai standar baku mutu air sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001. Nilai rata-rata hasil pengukuran tiap parameter adalah: Suhu = 270 Hasil penentuan status mutu air berdasarkan faktor fisik, kimia dan biologi dilakukan dengan Metode Storet yaitu dengan menjumlahkan nilai setiap parameter yang memiliki nilai baku mutu, maka diperoleh skor total -20, yang berarti bahwa sungai ular tercemar sedang. Hasil penelitian makrozoobentos ditemukan sebanyak 20 genus yang terbagi atas tiga filum yaitu: Annelida (satu genus), Arthropoda (enam belas genus) dan Mollusca (tiga genus). Dari duapuluh genus yang terdapat di sungai ular, yang paling tinggi angka kepadatannya adalah Palaeomonetes dengan rata-rata K = 15,5556 ind/ mC, pH = 6,95, DO = 6,7 mg/l, BOD = 3,6 mg/l, Nitrat = 0,9785 mg/l, Posfat = 0,095 mg/l, COD = 16,32 mg/l, TSS = 35,2 mg/l, TDS = 338,4 mg/l dan Total Coliform = 555,5/100 ml air sampel. Fraksi substrat di stasiun 1 dan 2 didominasi oleh pasir. yaitu 96,2 % dan 94,4 %, di stasiun 3, 4 dan 5 didominasi oleh lumpur dengan prosentasi 62,2 %, 74,2 % dan 88,1 % . Hasil uji Coliform dengan metode MPN memberikan angka rata rata 555,5 /100 ml air sampel. 2, KR = 20,7237 % dan FK = 21,6984. Nilai Indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos yang terdapat di sungai ular termasuk antara sedang dan rendah (H’ = 1,926 – 2,620), sedangkan Indeks Keseragaman termasuk tinggi (E = 0,836 - 0,947 / mendekati 1) yang berarti tidak ada spesies atau kelompok organisme yang terlalu dominan terhadap yang lainnya. Indeks Biotik = 13 yang berarti sungai Ular berstatus tidak tercemar (IB >10). Faktor fisik dan kimia seperti suhu, intensitas cahaya, penetrasi cahaya, kecepatan arus, pH, DO dan fraksi substrat (pasir) memiliki korelasi positif dengan kepadatan makrozoobentos, sedangkan suhu, BOD, NO3, PO4, TSS, TDS, COD, organik substrat, fraksi substrat (lumpur dan liat) memiliki korelasi negatif.