Isolasi dan Analisis Komponen Kimia Minyak Atsiri dari Daun Tumbuhan Binara (Artemisia Vulgaris L.) di Daerah Kecamatan Sibolangit Kabupaten Deli Serdang dengan GC-MS dan FT-IR

Abstract

In this study has been treated isolation and analyze its chemical component of volatile oil of Binara plant (Artemicia Vulgaris L. ) obtained from District of Sibolangit in Deli Serdang Regency. The isolated volatile oil was conducted over fresh leaves of Binara plant (Artemicia Vulgaris, L) with distillation along with water used Stahl tool and compared it with distillation method by steam. Chemical composition for each outcome of isolation was treated analysis using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS) device and Infra Red Spectrophotometer. The outcome of isolation volatile oil from leaves of Binara plant (Artemicia Vulgaris L.) by distillation using stahl device existing some 220 gram sample of wet leaves adopted generating average 1.13 ml volatile oil. Further, the outcome of isolation through steam distillation existed some 217 gram weight of wet sample as used obtained average 0.67 ml volatile oil. The result of analysis by GC-MS scanning over the volatile oil as generated by Stahl device there obtained chromatogram after putting a compound peak amount 28 types and it is interpretable about 13 compounds as combination of mono-terpen and sesquiterpen they are 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene (C10H16)=2.88%, α Terpinene (C10H16) = 1.68%, Para-Cymene (C10H14) = 1.45%, 1,8-Cineole (C10H18O) = 8.77%, Filifolone (C10H14O) = 5.75%, 1-Terpineol (C10H18O) = 2.57%, 2,6,6-trimethyl-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-one(Eucarvone)(C10H14O) = 3.86%, 1- α-Tepineol (C10H18O) = 3.96%, 2-Cyclohexen-1-one(Piperitone) (C10H16O) = 24.55%, Bicyclo-3,1,1-hepta-3-en-2-one(Vebernone) (C10H14O) = 6.36%, Trans Caryophyllene (C15H24) = 15.13%, (Z)-β-Farnesene (C15H24) = 0.90% and α Humulene (C15H24) = 3.10%. Hence volatile oil as generated by steam distillation obtaining chromatogram by putting peak amount 8 type compound in all is sesquiterpen comprising β-Elemene (C15H24) = 1,02%, β- Caryophyllene (C15H24) = 51,17%, β-Farnesene (C15H24) = 3,14%, α-Humulene (C15H24) = 10,21%, α Amorphene (C15H24) = 18,34%, β-Selinene (C15H24) = 8.66%, Germacrene B (C15H24) = 1.99% and Caryophyllene Oxide (C15H24O) = 5,48%.

Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan isolasi dan analisis komponen kimia minyak atsiri dari tumbuhan Binara (Artemisia Vulgaris L.) yang diperoleh dari daerah Kecamatan Sibolangit Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Isolasi minyak atsiri dilakukan terhadap daun segar tumbuhan Binara (Artemisia Vulgaris L.) dengan cara destilasi bersama air menggunakan alat Stahl dan dibandingkan dengan cara destilasi dengan uap air. Komposisi kimia dari masing-masing hasil isolasi dilakukan analisis menggunakan alat Kromatografi Gas Spektrofotometer Massa (GC-MS) dan Spektrofotometer Infra Merah. Hasil isolasi minyak atsiri dari daun tumbuhan Binara (Artemisia Vulgari, L.) melaui destilasi menggunakan alat stahl dari sebanyak 220 gram sampel daun basah yang digunakan diperoleh rata-rata sebanyak 1,13 ml minyak atsiri. Selanjutnya hasil isolasi melalui destilasi uap dari sebanyak 217 gram berat sampel daun kering yang digunakan diperoleh rata-rata 0,67 ml minyak atsiri. Hasil analisis melalui pemeriksaan GC-MS terhadap minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan melalui alat Stahl diperoleh kromatogram dengan memberikan puncak senyawa sebanyak 28 jenis dan yang dapat diinterfrestasi sebanyak 13 senyawa yang merupakan campuran monoterpen dan sesquiterpen yakni 2-metil-5-isopropil-1,3- sikloheksadiena(C10H16)=2,88%, α-Terpinen(C10H16) = 1,68%, Para-Cymene (C10H14) = 1,45%, 1,8-Cineole (C10H18O) = 8.77%, Filifolone (C10H14O) = 5.75%, 1-Terpineol (C10H18O) = 2,57%, 2,6,6-trimetil-2,4-sikloheptadiena-1- one(Eucarvone) (C10H14O)=3,86%, 1-α-Tepineol (C10H18O) =3,96%, 2- sikloheksena-1-one(Piperitone) (C10H16O) = 24,55%, Bisklo-3,1,1-hepta-3-en-2- one(Vebernone)( C10H14O) =6,36%, Trans-Caryophyllene (C15H24) = 15,13%, (Z)- β-Farnesene (C15H24) = 0,90% dan α-Humulene (C15H24)= 3,10%. Selanjutnya minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan melalui destilasi uap diperoleh kromatogram dengan memberikan puncak sebanyak 8 jenis senyawa yang keseluruhannya adalah sesquiterpen yang terdiri dari β-Elemene (C15H24) =1,02%, β-Caryophyllene (C15H24) =51,17%, β-Farnesene (C15H24) = 3,14%, α-Humulene (C15H24) =10,21%, α-Amorphene (C15H24)= 18,34%, β-Selinene (C15H24) =8,66%, Germacrene B (C15H24) =1,99% dan Caryophyllene Oxide (C15H24O)=5,48%.