Analisis Komparasi Usahatani Padi Sawah Berdasarkan Budidaya Nonorganik, Semiorganik, dan Organik (Studi Kasus : Desa Lubuk Bayas, Kec. Perbaungan, Kab. Serdang Bedagai)

Abstract

The research was based on the changing in people’s desire throughout the world, particularly in Indonesia in consuming healthful food, free from chemical substances which are called organic food. One of the main commodities of organic food is organic rice which comes from organic rice plant. The objective of the research was to analyze comparatively farm, agricultural enterprise of rice plant, based of non-organic, semi-organic, and organic cultivation, viewed from total production cost, farmers’ income, R/C ration value, BEP production, and BEP price. The research was conducted from January to February, 2013 at Lubuk Bayas Village, Perbaungan Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai District. The research area was determined purposively in which it was selected carefully in order to be in line with the objective of the research. The samples comprised 90 respondents, using stratified random sampling technique for each type of non-organic, semi-organic, and organic cultivation with 30 respondents respectively. The conclusions of the analysis were as follows: 1) Total production cost of the average farmers who cultivated organic rice plants was lower than that of non-organic and semi-organic rice plants, 2) The income per hectare of farmers who planted organic rice plants was higher than that of non-organic and semi-organic rice plants, 3) R/C ratio of organic rice plants was higher the that of non-organic and semi-organic rice plants, 4) BEP production of organic rice plants was lower than that of non-organic and semi-organic rice plants, 5) BEP price of organic rice plants was higher than that of non-organic and semi-organic rice plants, 6) There was no distinction of the average total production cost among the three rice plant cultivation techniques, 7) There was the distinction of the average of farmers’ income, R/C ratio, BEP production, and BEP cost among the three rice plant cultivations, and 8) Organic rice plant cultivation was more appropriate and more beneficial to be applied by farmers who planted non-organic and semi-organic rice plants, particularly if they planted them on the land in an area of (>0.5 ha).

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh terjadinya perubahan selera masyarakat dunia khususnya masyarakat di Indonesia dalam hal mengonsumsi pangan yang lebih sehat dan terbebas dari bahan-bahan kimiawi yang dikenal dengan istilah pangan organik. Dimana salah satu komoditas utama pangan organik adalah beras organik yang diperoleh dari padi organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis komparasi usahatani padi berdasarkan budidaya nonorganik, semiorganik, dan organik yang ditinjau dari segi total biaya produksi, pendapatan petani, nilai R/C ratio, BEP produksi, dan BEP harga. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2013 di Desa Lubuk Bayas, Kec. Perbaungan, Kab. Serdang Bedagai. Penentuan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive, yaitu daerah dipilih secara cermat, sehingga sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Metode pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan menggunakan metode stratified random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 90 (sembilan puluh) orang dengan rincian untuk setiap jenis budidaya nonorganik, semiorganik, dan organik masing-masing mempunyai jumlah sampel sebesar 30 (tiga puluh orang). Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan 1) Total biaya rata-rata per petani padi organik lebih rendah daripada padi nonorganik dan semiorganik; 2) Pendapatan per ha dari petani padi organik lebih tinggi daripada padi nonorganik dan semiorganik; 3) R/C ratio padi organik lebih tinggi daripada R/C ratio padi nonorganik dan semiorganik; 4) BEP produksi padi organik lebih rendah daripada BEP produksi padi nonorganik dan semiorganik; 5) BEP harga padi organik lebih tinggi daripada BEP harga padi nonorganik dan semiorganik; 6) Tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata total biaya produksi antara ketiga teknik budidaya padi; 7) Ada perbedaan rata-rata pendapatan petani, R/C ratio, BEP produksi, dan BEP harga antara ketiga jenis budidaya padi; 8) Budidaya padi organik lebih layak dan menguntungkan untuk diterapkan oleh petani padi nonorganik dan semiorganik terutama pada lahan berukuran luas (>0,5 ha).