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    Model Otopsi Sosial Berbasis Budaya Aceh dalam Mengatasi Kematian Ibu di Provinsi Aceh (Studi di Kabupaten Aceh Utara)

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    Date
    2016
    Author
    Maidar
    Advisor(s)
    Badaruddin
    Mutiara, Erna
    Sudaryati, Etti
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    Abstract
    Many countries, including Indonesia, are unable to achieve the target of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), especially about improving maternal health. World’s health statistics data in 2014 showed that maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Indonesia was 190 per 100,000 live births. Social, economic and cultural factors have significant role in slow decline of MMR. Previous study was used social autopsy revealed that specific issues about community cultural pattern that affected maternal mortality. Meanwhile, social, economic and cultural phenomena in Acehnese ethnic are strongly presumed to have contribution for MMR. This study developed social autopsy model for maternal mortality based on Acehnese culture by the combination of qualitative and quantitative approach (mixed method). In-depth investigation during the 12 months to explore the factors that contributed to maternal mortality, the pattern and its determinant. GPS, EasyGPS and Quantum GIS 2.8.2 Wien application were used for case mapping. Furthermore, determinants’ analysis of maternal mortality used case control design. The respondents were 56; be composed 28 cases of maternal deaths and 28 control group of mothers who survived in the reproduction process. Having applied maternal mortality track record, the researcher developed Otopsi Verbal Maternal (OVM) and qualitative study data. The result of the study showed that the highest rate of maternal mortality rate was in North Aceh district, and the construction of sociocultural values and the understanding of religious teaching factors developed multipara pattern, complication disobey, delays and barrier of health service access. Map of the cases showed that referral hospital is about 50 km and located outside the district. Maternal mortality in Aceh ethnic associated with contextual determinants (social, economic, cultural) and the intermediate determinant (access to health care, factors unpredictable and the three phases of delay). The most dominant variables ware access to health services and the three phases of delay. Together, cultural, access to health care, unexpected/unknown, the three phases of delay factors were able to predict the risk of maternal mortality (89.3%). Social autopsy was constructed through in-depth investigation, presented in the form of case description and prediction of risk factors for maternal mortality. Implications of the study offers a model of perspective in the form of reconstruction of socio-cultural values and understanding of religious teachings in maternal health promotion activities to prevent maternal deaths.
     
    Banyak negara termasuk Indonesia hingga saat ini belum dapat mencapai target Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) khususnya tujuan kelima meningkatkan kesehatan ibu. Data Statistik Kesehatan Dunia Tahun 2014 menunjukkan Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia berada pada 190 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Faktor yang turut berperan terhadap lambatnya penurunan AKI adalah faktor sosial ekonomi dan budaya. Penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan otopsi sosial menemukan hal-hal spesifik dari pola-pola budaya masyarakat terhadap kematian ibu. Sementara kuat dugaan bahwa fenomena sosial, ekonomi dan budaya pada etnik Aceh merupakan faktor yang turut berkontribusi. Penelitian ini membangun model otopsi sosial kematian ibu berbasis budaya Aceh melalui perpaduan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif (mixed method). Investigasi mendalam selama 12 bulan untuk menggali faktor yang berperan terhadap kematian ibu, pola dan determinannya. Pemetaan kasus kematian ibu dan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan menggunakan GPS, Easy-GPS dan Quantum-GIS 2.8.2 Wien. Analisis faktor risiko kematian ibu menggunakan desain case control. Sampel 56 responden, terdiri dari 28 kasus kematian ibu dan 28 kelompok kontrol yaitu ibu yang selamat dalam proses reproduksi. Menggunakan data rekam jejak kematian ibu, mengembangkan kuesioner Otopsi Verbal Maternal (OVM) dan data studi kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kasus kematian ibu tertinggi di Kabupaten Aceh Utara, faktor yang berperan adalah konstruksi nilai sosial budaya dan pemahaman ajaran agama yang membentuk pola multiparitas, pengabaian komplikasi dan tiga tahap keterlambatan. Peta kasus menunjukkan bahwa rumah sakit rujukan berada di luar wilayah kabupaten dengan jarak terjauh sekitar 50 km. Kematian ibu pada etnik Aceh berhubungan dengan determinan kontekstual (sosial, ekonomi, budaya) dan determinan antara (akses pelayanan kesehatan, faktor tidak terduga dan tiga tahap keterlambatan). Variabel yang paling dominan adalah akses pelayanan kesehatan dan tiga tahap keterlambatan. Secara bersama, faktor budaya, akses pelayanan kesehatan, faktor tidak terduga/tidak diketahui, tiga tahap keterlambatan mampu memprediksi risiko kematian ibu sebesar (89,3%). Model otopsi sosial dibangun melalui investigasi mendalam, disajikan dalam bentuk deskripsi kasus dan prediksi faktor risiko kematian ibu. Implikasi penelitian menawarkan model prespektif berupa rekontruksi nilai-nilai sosial budaya dan pemahaman ajaran agama dalam kegiatan promosi kesehatan ibu untuk mencegah kasus kematian ibu.

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    http://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/42264
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    Repositori Institusi Universitas Sumatera Utara - 2025

    Universitas Sumatera Utara

    Perpustakaan

    Resource Guide

    Katalog Perpustakaan

    Journal Elektronik Berlangganan

    Buku Elektronik Berlangganan

    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2016  DuraSpace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    Atmire NV