| dc.description.abstract | Provision of rice to meet national food needs is still a problem that needs to be
addressed. It is caused by several factors such as: the number of people continues to
increase, the change of food consumption of population of non-rice to rice, the change
the function of agricultural land to non-agricultural, the onset of the long dry season,
floods, and the delay of the time of planting as well productivity of irrigated lowland rice
that has undergone leveling off. If there is no new breakthroughs to overcome the
problem of food needs, then Indonesia will continuously import rice from the other
countries. While the availability of rice in the international market also has limitations.
One alternative to be able to help to overcome this problem is to develop the cultivation
of upland rice in immature rubber plantation area.
To assess the development of upland rice cultivation in the immature rubber
plantation area, it has conducted three phase of research, namely: the first phase, carried
out research on the growth and production of several varieties of upland rice (Si Kembiri,
Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit, Tuwoti) in some shade treatment ( 0%, 20%, 40%) and
the dose of organic matter (0 g/polybag, 25 g/polybag, 50 g/polybag, 75 g/polybag) in
the screen house of Faculty of Agriculture University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, the
second and third phase, conducted research on the growth and production of upland rice
varieties (Si Kembiri, Situ Patenggang) in some soil tillage methods (Soil cleaned with a
hoe, then planted; Soil tillage method 1 time with a hoe, flattened, then planted; Soil
tillage method 2 times with a hoe, flattened, then planted) and doses of organic matter (0
tons/ha, 5 tons/ha, 10 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha) in the immature rubber plantation area, aged 2
and 3 years at the plantation company of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Sei. Putih,
District of Deli Serdang. The research was conducted by using the experimental design
of Split-split plot design with three replications / block.
The results showed that the influence of shade, on the growth and development of
upland rice varieties decrease the number of tillers, leaf area, root volume, root dry
weight, dry weight of straw, the ratio of the root-straw dry weight, number of panicles,
number of productive grains, the production of grain per clumps, the total sugar content
of plants and increase the empty grains per hill of plants. Variety that provide the best
growth and production in shaded conditions found in Situ Patengganag.
Factor of organic material influence on the difference of the characteristics of
growth and development of upland rice varieties in the immature rubber plantation area
(aged 2 and 3 years) to the the parameters of : plant height, number of tillers, leaf area,
leaf number chlorophyl, roots volume, roots dry weight, straw dry weight, ratio of the
roots - straw dry weigh, number of panicle, panicle length, number of grains per panicle,
the percentage of empty grains, grain production per hill of plants, harvest index, grain
production per plot, carbon uptake and weed dry weight.
Effect of soil tillage method factor to the growth and development of upland rice
varieties in the area of immature rubber plants (aged 2 and 3 years) lead to differences in
the characteristics of tiller number, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll, roots volume, roots dry
weight, straw dry weight , ratio of roots - straw dry weight, number of panicles, number of grains per panicle, the percentage of empty grains, harvest index, grain production per
panicle, grain production per plot, carbon uptake per hill of plnts and weeds dry weight.
In the area of immature rubber plants (aged - 2 years), the best varieties of upland
rice production is found in variety of Situ Patenggang with soil tillage methods (hoe 2
times) and doses of organic material 5 tons / ha.
In the area of immature rubber plants (aged - 3 years), the best varieties of upland
rice production is also found in Situ Patenggang variety with soil tillage methods (soil
cleaned with a hoe) and given the organic material 5 tons / ha.
Planting of upland rice in the immature rubber plantation area (aged - 2 years or 3
years) did not affect signifcantly to decrease the quality of growth and development of
rubber plants.
Planting of upland rice in the immature rubber plantation area (aged - 2 years or 3
years), there is a slight decrease in the physical and chemical quality of soil, especially
regarding : Mg - exchange, K- exchange, C - organic, total of N, the ratio C / N, Ca -
exchange, CEC and Al-dd. | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Penyediaan beras untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan nasional masih merupakan
problema yang perlu diatasi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti :
pertambahan jumlah penduduk yang terus meningkat, perubahan konsumsi penduduk
dari non-beras ke beras, perubahan fungsi lahan pertanian menjadi non-pertanian,
timbulnya musim kering yang panjang, banjir, dan keterlambatan waktu tanam serta
produktivitas padi sawah irigasi yang sudah mengalami tingkat pelandaian (leveling off).
Bila tidak ada terobosan-terobosan baru untuk mengatasi masalah kebutuhan pangan ini,
maka Indonesia akan terus-menerus mengimpor beras dari negara-negara lain. Sementara
ketersediaan beras di pasar Internasional juga mempunyai keterbatasanketerbatasan.
Salah satu alternative untuk dapat membantu mengatasi masalah ini adalah
dengan mengembangkan budidaya padi gogo di areal perkebunan karet belum
menghasilkan (areal TBM).
Untuk mengkaji pengembangan budidaya padi gogo di areal perkebunan karet
belum menghasilkan ini maka telah dilakukan tiga tahap penelitian yaitu : tahap pertama,
dilakukan penelitian terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi beberapa varietas padi gogo (
Si Kembiri, Situ Patenggang, Situ Bagendit, Tuwoti) pada beberapa perlakuan naungan
(0%, 20%, 40%) dan dosis bahan organik (0 g/polibag, 25 g/polibag, 50 g/polibag,
75g/polibag) di rumah kasa Fakultas Pertanian USU Medan, tahap ke dua dan ke tiga
dilakukan penelitian terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi varietas padi gogo (Si Kembiri,
Situ Patenggang) pada beberapa metode pengolahan tanah (Tanah dikikis dengan
cangkul 1 x ; Olah tanah – Cangkul 1 x ; Olah tanah – Cangkul 2 x) dan dosis bahan
organik (0 ton/ha, 5 ton/ha, 10 ton/ha, 15 ton/ha) di areal tanaman karet umur 2 dan 3
tahun di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III Sei. Putih, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian
dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan percobaan Split-Split Plot Desain dengan tiga
ulangan/blok.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pengaruh faktor naungan terhadap pertumbuhan
dan perkembangan varietas padi gogo menurunkan jumlah anakan, luas daun, volume
akar, bobot kering akar, bobot kering jerami, rasio bobot kering akar-jerami, jumlah
malai, jumlah gabah berisi, produksi gabah per rumpun, kandungan gula total tanaman
dan meningkatkan gabah hampa per rumpun tanaman. Varietas yang memberikan
pertumbuhan dan produksi yang terbaik pada kondisi ternaungi ditemukan pada varietas
Situ Patenggang.
Faktor bahan organik memberikan pengaruh terhadap perbedaan karaktertistik
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan varietas padi gogo di areal karet belum menghasilkan
(TBM 2 dan 3 tahun) terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman. jumlah anakan, luas daun,
jumlah khloropil daun, volume akar, bobot kering akar, bobot kering jerami, rasio bobot
kering akar – jerami, jumlah malai, panjang malai, jumlah gabah malai, persentase gabah
hampa, produksi gabah per rumpun, indeks panen, produksi gabah per plot, serapan
karbon dan bobot kering gulma.Pengaruh faktor metode pengolahan tanah terhadap pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan varietas padi gogo pada areal tanaman karet belum menghasilkan (TBM -
2 dan 3 tahun) menyebabkan perbedaan dalam hal karakteristik jumlah anakan, luas
daun, khloropil daun, volume akar, bobot kering akar, bobot kering jerami, rasio bobot
kering akar – jerami, jumlah malai, jumlah gabah per malai, persentase gabah hampa,
indeks panen, produksi gabah per rumpun, produksi gabah per plot, serapan karbon per
rumpun dan bobot kering gulma.
Pada areal tanaman karet belum menghasilkan (TBM - 2 tahun), varietas padi
gogo yang terbaik produksinya ditemukan pada varietas Situ Patenggang dengan metode
pengolahan tanah cangkul 2 x dan dosis pemberian bahan organik 5 ton/ha.
Pada areal tanaman karet TBM - 3 tahun, varietas padi gogo yang terbaik
produksinya juga ditemukan pada varietas Situ Patenggang dengan metode pengolahan
tanah dikikis dengan cangkul 1 x dan diberi bahan organik 5 ton/ha.
Penanaman padi gogo di areal karet TBM - 2 tahun maupun 3 tahun tidak
berpengaruh secara signifikant terhadap penurunan kualitas pertumbuhan dan
perkembangan tanaman karet.
Penanaman padi gogo di areal karet TBM - 2 tahun maupun 3 tahun terdapat
sedikit penururan kualitas fisik kimia tanah terutama menyangkut : Mg – tukar, Ktukar,
C- organik, N- total rasio C/N, Ca-tukar, KTK dan Al-dd. | en_US |
