Pengaruh Pengetahuan dan Konsep Diri Perempuan Penderita Kanker Payudara terhadap Kecemasan Menghadapi Kemoterapi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Pirngadi Medan

Abstract

Based on the medical records in RSUD (Regional General Hospital) Dr. Pirngadi, Medan, it is found out that there are 839 cancer patients, and 607 of them (73.4%) are affected by breast cancer. One the method in curing breast cancer is by using chemotherapy. The problem is that there are many breast cancer patients who are apprehensive in using chemotherapy; it is probably because of their lack of knowledge and self-conception. The type of the research was an explanatory research which was aimed to explain the clause correlation among the variables being studied. The research was conducted in RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan with 607 samples of respondents. The data were analyzed by using multivatriate analysis with multiple linear regression tests. The result of the research showed that the breast cancer patients’ apprehensiveness in using chemotherapy in RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan, was in the moderate category (59.5%). There was the influence of the knowledge of the women affected by breast cancer on the level of apprehensiveness in using chemotherapy in RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan (p=0.0001<0.05). There was also the influence of the self-conception of the breast cancer patients on the level of apprehensiveness in using chemotherapy in RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan (p=0.0001<0.05). Both knowledge and self-conception of the women affected by breast cancer had significant influence on the level of apprehensiveness in using chemotherapy in RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan. If the knowledge of breast cancer patients not good, self-conception, so it will be apprehensiveness weight using chemotherapy 98.47%, if good knowledge and positive self-conception it will make apprehensive 6.04%. It is recommended that the health workers in RSUD Dr. Pirngadi, Medan, should provide counseling and support to the breast cancer patients in order to decrease their apprehensiveness in using chemotherapy.

Berdasarkan data rekam medik Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Pirngadi Medan menunjukkan jumlah kasus penderita kanker berjumlah 839 kasus diantaranya kanker payudara merupakan kasus terbanyak 607 orang (73,4%). Salah satu cara pengobatan kanker payudara melalui kemoterapi. Banyak pasien kanker payudara yang cemas menghadapi kemoterapi, hal ini diduga karena kurangnya pengetahuan dan konsep diri penderita. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survei eksplanatori (explanatory research) yang bertujuan menjelaskan hubungan kausal antara variabel-variabel yang diteliti. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Pirngadi Medan dengan sampel 607 orang. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-square, dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecemasan pasien penderita kanker payudara dalam menghadapi kemoterapi di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan dalam kategori sedang (62,2%). Ada pengaruh pengetahuan perempuan penderita kanker payudara dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi kemoterapi di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan (p=0,0001<0,05). Ada pengaruh konsep diri penderita kanker payudara dengan tingkat kecemasan dalam menghadapi kemoterapi di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan (p=0,0001<0,05). Secara bersama-sama pengetahuan dan konsep diri perempuan penderita kanker payudara berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kecemasan menghadapi kemoterapi di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan. Jika pengetahuan penderita kanker payudara kurang baik, konsep diri negatif, maka kemungkinan mengalami kecemasan berat menghadapi kemoterapi sebesar 98,47%, sebaliknya jika pengetahuan baik dan konsep diri positif kemungkinan mengalami kecemasan berat hanya 6,04%. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr.Pirngadi Medan untuk memberikan penyuluhan dan dukungan (konseling) kepada penderita kanker payudara agar dapat mengurangi rasa cemas menghadapi kemoterapi.