Keanekaragaman Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Berbagai Varietas Tanaman Kopi

Abstract

A study on diversity of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal on coffee plants of PT.Wahana Graha Makmur, Sidiangkat, Sidikalang have been carried out. The objective of this research was to know spore density, degree of root infection, and identification of varieties of spore of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal in coffee field. The soil sample and root were taken from coffee rizosphere of Rasuna, Toraja, S795 (S Lini), Andongsari, and Longberi of coffees. Observation were conducted at Soil Biology Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Sumatera Utara University in September-December 2013. Degree of root infection, spore density, and indentification of varieties spore were observed. The result showed that the highest density spore from field and trapping were found in Rasuna variety with 38 and 89 spores/50 gram soil. The highest degree colonization were in Toraja variety. There were 46 types of spore in five variety of coffee, 46 types of Glomus and 2 types of Acaulospora.

Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman fungi mikoriza arbuskula pada tanaman kopi di perkebunan PT.Wahana Graha Makmur, Sidiangkat, Sidikalang telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepadatan spora fungi mikoriza arbuskula, persentase kolonisasi akar, dan tipe spora pada perkebunan kopi. Sampel tanah dan akar diambil dari rizosfer varietas kopi Rasuna, Toraja, S795 (S Lini), Andongsari, dan Longberi. Pengamatan dan analisis dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara yang dilakukan pada bulan September-Desember 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan spora dari isolasi lapangan dan trapping yang tertinggi pada varietas Rasuna, yaitu masing-masing 38 dan 89 spora/50 gram tanah. Persentase kolonisasi akar yang paling tinggi pada varietas Toraja yaitu 48%. Penyebaran spora pada lima varietas kopi diperoleh 46 tipe Glomus dan 2 tipe Acaulospora.