Pengaruh Wadah dan Lama Penjemuran dalam Pengolahan Air dengan Teknologi Solar WaterDisinfection (Sodis) terhadap Kualitas Mikrobiologis Air Minum di Desa Sei Rejo Kecamatan Sei Rampah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai

Abstract

Water which fulfills the requirement for clean water must not contain Eschericia coli bacteria (0 per 100 ml of sample water). One of the methods to kill pathogen microorganism in water to get clean water is by using Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS). The research was quasi experiment with random factorialgroup design which was aimed to test the influence of container and the length of drying in water processing, using SODIS technology on microbiological quality of drinking water. The object of the research was the people’s well-water at Sei Rejo village, Sei Rampah Subdistrict. The treatment was the combination of container (bottle) (clear glass bottle, green glass bottle, and brown glass bottle) and the length of drying (4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours) which were repeated 3 times so that there were 27 experiment units. The data were processed by using annova one way test and Duncan test. The result of the research showed that clear glass bottle could decrease the amount of E. coli to 94.68% when it was dried for 4 hours, 97.72% when it was dried for 5 hours, and 99.24% when it was dried for 6 hours. Green glass bottle could decrease it to 82.37% when it was dried for 4 hours, 86.87% when it was dried for 5 hours, and 89.87% when it was dried for 6 hours. Brown glass bottle could decrease it to 80.16% when it was dried for 4 hours, 83.84% when it was dried for 5 hours, and 87.13% when it was dried for 6 hours. The result of statistic test showed that there was mean difference of the microbiological quality of drinking water in each treatment combination (p = 0.001).The result of Duncan test showed that clear glass bottle with the length of 6 hour drying was the most effective in increasing the microbiological quality of water in water processing by using SODIS technology because of the synergic capacity between ultraviolet and heat ( temperature obtained by water through sunlight) in activating bacteria. It is recommended that the next researches should be conducted in relation to the decrease in E. coli every hour so that correct method, time, and temperature are obtained to yield feasible drinking water through SODIS

Air yang memenuhi syarat sebagai air minum tidak boleh mengandung bakteri Eschericia coli (0 per 100 ml contoh air). Salah satu cara untuk membunuh mikroorganisme patogen dalam air sehingga diperoleh air layak minum yang bebas bakteri adalah Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan acak kelompok-faktorial yang bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh wadah dan lama penjemuran dalam pengolahan air dengan teknologi SODIS terhadap kualitas mikrobiologis air minum. Objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah air sumur masyarakat Desa Sei Rejo Kecamatan Sei Rampah. Perlakuan merupakan kombinasi wadah (botol kaca bening, botol kaca berwana hijau, botol kaca berwarna cokelat) dan lama penjemuran (4 jam, 5 jam, 6 jam) yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga diperoleh 27 unit percobaan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji annova one way dan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wadah botol kaca bening dapat menurunkan jumlah E. coli sebesar 94,68% jika dijemur selama 4 jam, sebesar 97,72% jika dijemur selama 5 jam dan sebesar 99,24% jika dijemur selama 6 jam. Wadah botol kaca berwarna hijau dapat menurunkan jumlah E. coli sebesar 82,37% jika dijemur selama 4 jam, sebesar 86,87% jika dijemur selama 5 jam dan sebesar 89,87% jika dijemur selama 6 jam. Wadah botol kaca berwarna cokelat dapat menurunkan jumlah E. coli sebesar 80,16% jika dijemur selama 4 jam, sebesar 83,84% jika dijemur selama 5 jam, dan sebesar 87,13% jika dijemur selama 6 jam. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kualitas mikrobiologis air minum pada setiap kombinasi perlakuan (p =0,001). Berdasarkan uji Duncan diketahui bahwa wadah botol kaca bening dengan lama penjemuran 6 jam merupakan wadah dan lama penjemuran yang paling efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas mikrobiologis air dalam pengolahan air dengan menggunakan teknologi SODIS. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kemampuan sinergi sinar ultraviolet dan panas (suhu yang dicapai pada air dengan penyinaran matahari) dalam menginaktivasi bakteri. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar dilakukan penelitian lanjutan terkait penurunan E. coli tiap jam sehingga diperoleh cara, waktu, dan suhu yang tepat untuk menghasilkan air layak minum melalui SODIS.