Pengaruh Pola Makan dan Status Gizi terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi pada Ibu Hamil di RSU Tanjung Pura Kabupaten Langkat
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Date
2012Author
Aritonang, Evawany
Salahudin, Indra
Advisor(s)
Aritonang, Evawany
Salahudin, Indra
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Maternal mortality rate in Langkat District in 2010 238 was per 100,000 live births. One of the causes of maternal mortality is pregnancy-related hypertension complication. It is found out that 107 of the 970 pregnant mothers who had their pregnancy examined at Tanjung Pura General Hospital Langkat District in 2010 experienced hypertension. This high rate of hypertension incident is related to the eating pattern of the mothers during their pregnancy.
The purpose of this Cohort perspective study was to analyze the influence of eating pattern and nutritional status on the incident of hypertension in the pregnant mothers at Tanjung Pura General Hospital Langkat District. The population of this study was the pregnant mothers with pregnancy of 24 - 32 weeks and 60 pregnant mothers were selected to be the samples for this study through consecutive sampling method. The data for this study were obtained through food-recall form-based interviews, measuring body weight, measuring LILA and blood pressure. The data obtained were analyzed through multiple logistic regression tests at a = 0.05.
The result of this study showed that, statistically, the amount of energy supplied had influence on the incident of hypertension in the pregnant mothers with p = 0.001, protein supply with p = 0.0025, fat supply with p - 0.006, and natrium supply with p = 0.003. LILA size had influence on the incident of hypertension in the pregnant mothers with p = 0.030. The increase of body weight was in accordance with extra IMT with p = 0.046. The increase of body weight of normal IMT did not have any influence on the incident of hypertension in pregnant mothers with p - 0.367. The result of multiple logistic regression tests showed that the most dominant variable was fat supply with Coefficient B = 1.365 and Exp. B = 0.255. The chance for the respondents to suffer from hypertension during their pregnancy was almost 0.2 time bigger in the respondents with poor fat supply in their pregnancy compared to those with adequate fat supply.
The health workers, especially the midwives, are suggested to increase the socialization and routine extension on eating pattern management and to measure the blood pressure of the respondents routinely every month during their pregnancy. Angka Kematian Ibu di Kabupaten Langkat pada tahun 2010 yaitu 238 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu penyebab kematian ibu berasal dari komplikasi hipertensi yang berhubungan dengan kehamilan. Di RSU. Tanjung Pura Kabupaten Langkat pada tahun 2010 diketahui bahwa dari 970 orang ibu yang melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan di RS terdapat 107 orang ibu mengalami hipertensi, salah satu penyebab hipertensi adalah faktor gizi. Tingginya angka kejadian hipertensi tersebut terkait dengan pola makan ibu selama kehamilan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pola makan dan status gizi terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil di RSU Tanjung Pura Kabupaten Langkat. Jenis penelitian perspektif Kohort. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan 24 – 32 minggu. Sampel sebanyak 60 orang diperoleh dengan metode Consecutive Sampling. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan formulir food recall, penimbangan berat badan,pengukuran Lila dan Tekanan Darah dianalisis dengan regresi logistik ganda dengan α = 0,05.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik jumlah asupan energi, berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil dengan nilai (p)=0,001, asupan protein, (p)=0,025, asupan lemak (p)=0,006 dan asupan natrium nilai (p)=0,037. Ukuran LILA berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil dengan nilai (p)=0,030. Penambahan berat badan sesuai IMT Lebih (p)=0,046., sementara Penambahan berat badan IMT normal tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada ibu hamil dengan nilai (p)=0,367. Dari hasil uji regresi logistik berganda Variabel yang paling dominan adalah oleh variabel asupan lemak dengan Coeficient B =1,365 dan nilai Exp B sebesar 0,255. peluang responden untuk terkena hipertensi dalam kehamilan hampir 0,2 kali lebih besar pada responden yang asupan lemak yang tidak baik dalam kehamilan dibandingkan asupan lemak yang tidak baik dalam masa kehamilan.
Disarankan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan untuk meningkatkan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan rutin tentang pengaturan pola makan dan pengukuran tekanan darah secara rutin setiap bulan selama kehamilan.
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