Kajian Sistem Agroforestry Berbasis Salak di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan

Abstract

Most of the salak farmers in Tapanuli Selatan District apply the agroforestry system in their farm land. The study aimed to classify agroforestry system salak-based into several types and sub-types based on their constituent components,to evaluate the impact of the salak-based agroforestry system to the soil characteristics and the income of the farmers, and to obtain the most appropriate and sustainable type of salak-based agroforestry system in Tapanuli Selatan District. This study employed descriptive analysis and Analytical Hirarchy Process (AHP) methods. The results of this study showed that the salak-based agroforestry system salak-based consist of agrisilvicultural type with ASCkpb and ASCkpbs sub-types, agrosilvopastural type with ASPkpbt and ASPkpbst sub-types, and agroaquaforestry type with AQFkpbi and AQFkpbsi sub-types. Based on the net income, the highest net income was obtained from agrisilvicultural type consisting of the combination of trees, plantation crops, fruit trees, and seasonal crops (ASCkpbs). The results of soil chemical characteristic analysis showed the lowest N elements was found in agroaquaforestry type, while the highest N element was found in agrosilvopastural type. The elements of P and K in agrosilvopastural type was higher compared that of the other agroforestry types. The C-organic in agroaquaforestry and agrisilvicultural types was lower compared to that of agrosilvopastural type. The result of AHP showed that the most appropriate and sustainable type of salak-based agroforestry system in Tapanuli Selatan District was agrosilvopastural type.

Di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan sebagian besar petani salak menerapkan sistem agroforestry di lahan kebunnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengklasifikasikan sistem agroforestry berbasis salak kedalam beberapa tipe dan subtipe berdasarkan komponen penyusunnya, mengevaluasi dampak sistem agroforestry berbasis salak terhadap sifat tanah dan penghasilan petani serta untuk memperoleh tipe agroforestry berbasis salak yang paling sesuai dan berkesinambungan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan Analytical Hirarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem agroforestry berbasis salak terdiri dari tipe agrisilvikultural dengan subtipe ASCkpb, dan ASCkpbs; tipe agrosilvopastural dengan subtipe ASPkpbt, ASPkpbst; tipe agroaquaforestry dengan subtipe AQFkpbi, dan AQFkpbsi. Berdasarkan penghasilan bersih, diperoleh penghasilan bersih tertinggi adalah subtipe agrisilvikultural kombinasi pohon kayu, tanaman perkebunan, tanaman buah-buahan, dan tanaman semusim (ASCkpbs). Hasil analisis sifat kimia tanah menunjukkan unsur N terendah ditemukan pada tipe agroaquaforestry, sedangkan unsur N tertinggi ditemukan pada tipe agrosilvopastural. Unsur P dan K pada tipe agrosilvopastural lebih tinggi dibandingkan tipe agroforestry lainnya. C-organik pada tipe agrisilvikultural dan agroaquaforestry lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan tipe agrosilvopastural. Berdasarkan AHP Tipe Sistem agroforestry berbasis salak yang paling sesuai dan berkesinambungan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan adalah tipe agrosilvopastural.