Analisis Keragaman Fenotifik 47 Aksesi Sumber Daya Genetik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Asal Kamerun

Abstract

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of 47 Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Germplasm of Cameroon Origin, supervised by LOLLIE AGUSTINA P. PUTRI and ABDUL RAZAK PURBA. The objectives of this reseach was to analyze phenotipe variation of early vegetatif data from 47 germplasm accession introduced from Cameroon. The research was conducted in PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Adolina Estate. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis method which comprised the principal component analysis, biplot analysis, and neigbour – joining analysis. Five morphology characters (the height of plant, the length of rachis, total number of leaves, petiole cross section, and leaf area) and two physiology characters (the content of a and b chlorophyl), became the parameter in this research. The results of research showed that the Principal Component Analysis indicated two main components which each of them played their role of 51,8% and 24 % on the variation of whole tested Cameroon Accessions. Biplot analysis revealed that morphology characters did not have any correlation with physiology characters. Each accessions scattered amongthe point of intersection lines with vector lines according to the average value of observation. Phylogenetic tree obtained from Neigbor – Joining analysis indicate that whole accessions distributed in a random pattern without composed a spesific group refer to their geographic origin. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also showed that each accessions scatters without establishing a cluster which characterized its geographic origin, at the time it was according to its origin. The analysis of biplot and phylogenetic tree from Neighbor – Joining showed that accession CMR 32 and CMR 5 had the bighest Euclidean distance among the others. CMR 32 also had the higher average value of physiology parameters with low mean value of vegetative morphology characters. All multivariate analysis showed that the genetic resources of Cameroon Origin had high variability which were suitably used in increasing Indonesian’s oil palm population variability which has lately been saturated.

Analisa Keragaman Fenotifik 47 Aksesi Sumber Daya Genetik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Asal Kamerun dibimbing oleh LOLLIE AGUSTINA P. PUTRI dan ABDUL RAZAK PURBA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman fenotifik data awal vegetatif dari 47 aksesi plasma nutfah introduksi asal Kamerun. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Adolina PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode analisa multivariate yaitu: Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis), Analisa Biplot (Biplot Analysis) dan Analisa Neigbor – Joining. Lima karakter morfologi (tinggi tanaman, panjang rachis, jumlah total daun, petiole cross section dan leaf area) dan dua karakter fisiologi (Kandungan klorofil a dan b) menjadi parameter dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Analisa Komponen Utama memperoleh dua komponen utama yang masing – masing berperanan sebesar 51,8% dan 24 % terhadap keragaman dari seluruh aksesi Kamerun yang diuji. Analisis biplot menungkap bahwa karakter morfologi vegetatif tidak berhubungan sama sekali dengan karakter fisiologi. Masing – masing aksesi menyebar diantara titik – titik perpotongan dengan garis vektor sesuai dengan besar nilai rerata amatannya. Pohon phylogenetik yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis Neighbor - Joining menunjukkan bahwa seluruh aksesi tidak membentuk suatu kelompok tertentu berdasarkan asal geografisnya. Analisis komponen utama juga menunjukkan bahwa setiap aksesi menyebar tanpa membentuk suatu kelompok yang mencirikan tempat asal geografisnya, saat diplotkan menurut asalnya. Analisis biplot dan pohon phylogenetik dari Analisis Neigbor Joining menunjukkan bahwa aksesi CMR 32 dan 5 memiliki jarak euclidean yang terbesar diantara aksesi lainnya dan CMR 32 juga memiliki nilai rerata parameter fisiologi yang tinggi namun dengan nilai rerata morfologi vegetatif yang rendah. Seluruh hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa sumberdaya genetik asal kamerun ini memiliki keragaman yang tinggi dan layak digunakan untuk memenambah keragaman populasi kelapa sawit di Indonesia yang telah cukup jenuh.