Pengaruh Perilaku Kesehatan terhadap Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Murid Sekolah Dasar Binaan UKGS di Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan Kota Medan Tahun 2012

Abstract

The incident of dental carries in the Elementary School students under UKGS (School Dental Health Service) at Medan Tuntungan Subdistrict, Medan, in 2011, was 61.43%. The high rate of the incident of dental carries is assumed to be caused by the lack of significance in the effect of dental health education on the changing behavior of the students’ health. The aim of the research was to analyze the influence of healthy behavior which consisted of health behavior, sick behavior, and sick role behavior on the incident of dental carries of the Elementary School students under UKGS at Medan Tuntungan Subdistrict, Medan. The type of the research was an analytic survey with cross sectional approach. The population was 454 grade-four and grade-five Elementary School students under UKGS at Medan Tuntungan Subdistrict, Medan, who were affected by dental carries. 148 of them were used as the samples which comprised 78 respondents from SD 060971 and 70 respondents from SD 064023, using purposive sampling technique. The data were gathered by distributing questionnaires and performing dental examination and analyzed by using multiple logistic regression tests at α = 5%. The result of the research showed that there were the influences of health behavior factor and sick role behavior factor on the incident of dental carries, and there was no influence of sick behavior on the incident of dental carries of the Elementary School students under UKGS at Medan Tuntungan Subdistrict, Medan. It is recommended that the students of the Elementary School under UKGS at Medan Tuntungan Subdistrict, Medan, should improve their behaviour to prevent dental carries, and the management of the school should increase the cooperation with health workers to increase promotif anf preventif activity in order to prevent and handle dental carries.

Kejadian karies gigi pada murid Sekolah Dasar Binaan UKGS (Usaha Kesehatan Gigi Sekolah) di Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan Kota Medan tahun 2011 adalah sebesar 61,43%. Tingginya angka karies gigi ini diduga antara lain disebabkan oleh kurang signifikannya dampak pendidikan kesehatan gigi terhadap perubahan perilaku kesehatan murid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perilaku kesehatan yang terdiri dari perilaku sehat, perilaku sakit dan perilaku peran sakit terhadap kejadian karies gigi pada murid SD binaan UKGS di Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan Kota Medan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua murid kelas IV dan kelas V SD binaan UKGS di Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan Kota Medan yang sedang menderita karies gigi berjumlah 454 orang. Sampel sebanyak 148 murid kelas IV dan Kelas V yaitu di SD 060971 sebanyak 78 responden dan di SD 064023 sebanyak 70 responden, yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan pemeriksaan gigi serta dianalisis dengan regresi logistik ganda pada α = 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh faktor perilaku sehat dan perilaku peran sakit terhadap kejadian karies gigi dan tidak ada pengaruh perilaku sakit terhadap kejadian karies gigi pada murid Sekolah Dasar Binaan UKGS di Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan Kota Medan. Disarankan kepada murid Sekolah Dasar Binaan UKGS di Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan Kota Medan untuk meningkatkan tindakan pencegahan karies gigi dan kepada institusi sekolah untuk meningkatkan kerjasama dengan petugas kesehatan dalam peningkatan kegiatan promotif dan preventif dalam rangka pencegahan dan penanggulangan karies gigi.