Penggunaan beberapa Jenis Fungsi Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) di Tanah Gambut

Abstract

Hevea brasiliensis cannot grow well in peat soil. One of the several ways that can be done to rehabilitate the peat soil is to use a biological agent (fungi). The purpose of this study using complete randomized design with 16 treatments and 3 replications is to detect the fungi or the combination of fungi playing its role in improving the plant growth in peat soil, and to detect the best fungi and the combination of fungi to improve the growth of H. brasiliensis in peat soil. The fungi used were Trichoderma koningii, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata and its combination. The parameters observed were stem diameter, plant height, leaf size, crown dry weight, root dry weight, NPK absorbed, leaf Calsium, nature of soil chemistry (values of pH, N, P, K, Ca, organic C, Cation Exchanging Capacities (CEC) before and after the application, structure of plant root after study. The application of fungi either in an individual of combination form in H. brasiliensis can improve its growth in the peat soil. The combination of Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata (A14) can improve the plant growth such as its trunk diameter (4, 52 mm), the plant height (37,83 cm), and total dry weight (24,2 g). The combination of Aspergillus sp., and Penicillium sp. (A8) erlarges the leaf size (101,60 mm2) and the ratio of crown: root (3,78 g). The addition of fungi either in the form of individual of combination to the plant can improve the amount of nitrogen, kalium, and calcium absorbed by the leaves, but it does not increase the availability of soil chemistry element as a whole. The administration of the combination of Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp.,and Curvularia lunata (A14) couse the level of soil phosphorus (P Bray II) become the highest (287,01) and the administration of fungi or its combination influence the highest level of kalium A11 (0,14 me/100) and the highest level of calcium A7 (0,110 me/100), and the highest contents organic C (30,49%). Of the many Cation Exchanging Capacities of soil, the highest is A13 (105,35%).

Tanaman Hevea brasiliensis tidak dapat tumbuh dengan baik di tanah gambut, satu diantara beberapa cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk rehabilitasi tanah gambut adalah menggunakan agen hayati (fungi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi fungi atau kombinasi fungi yang berperan dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman di tanah gambut, mendeteksi fungi dan kombinasi fungi yang paling baik untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman H. brasiliensis di tanah gambut. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 16 perlakuan 3 ulangan, fungi yang digunakan Trichoderma koningii, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Curvularia lunata dan kombinasinya. Parameter yang diamati: diameter batang, tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, serapan hara N, P, K dan Ca oleh daun, sifat kimia tanah (nilai pH, N, P, K, Ca, C organik, KTK) sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi, struktur akar tanaman setelah penelitian. Aplikasi fungi pada tanaman baik dalam bentuk tunggal maupun kombinasi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman H. brasiliensis di tanah gambut. Kombinasi Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. dan C. lunata (A14) dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu diameter batang (4,52 mm), tinggi tanaman (37,83 cm), serta bobot kering total (24,2 g). Kombinasi Aspergillus sp. dan Penicillium sp. (A8) menambah luas daun (101,60 mm2) dan rasio tajuk: akar (3,78 g). Penambahan fungi secara tunggal dan kombinasi pada tanaman dapat meningkatkan serapan daun terhadap unsur nitrogen, kalium, dan kalsium, tetapi tidak meningkatkan secara keseluruhan ketersediaan unsur kimia tanah. Pemberian kombinasi Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. dan C. lunata (A14) menyebabkan kadar fosfor tanah (P Bray II) tertinggi yakni 287,01 dan pemberian fungi atau kombinasinya mempengaruhi kadar kalium tertinggi A11 (0,14 me/100) dan kalsium tertinggi A7 (0,110 me/100) serta kandungan C organik tertinggi 30,49%. Diantara sekian banyak KTK tanah yang tertinggi A13 (105,36%).