Pengaruh Predisposisi, Pendukung, dan Penguat Terhadap Pemanfaatan Posyandu Lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Batang Kuis Tahun 2013

Abstract

Elders are a group of residents of greater age whose number shows an increase from year to year. Posyandu for elders is a government program which is aimed at both managing them efficiently and anticipating their health problems. With reference to the decree of Indonesia’s Health Minister No. 1457/Menkes/SK/X/2003 about Minimum Service Standard (SPM), the target of this program covers 70% of elders’ health service. When exploiting this Posyandu benefits the elders are influenced by the following characteristics such as knowledge, attitude, equipment and infrastructure, the behavior of health service workers, PKK’s endorsement and the elders’ family support. The exploitation of this Posyandu is considered less and this is caused by the lack of socialization about this program from the health service workers and PKK cadres. This is an explanatory research which uses cross-sectional approach in which both of them are applied to find out the influence of knowledge, attitude, equipment and infrastructure, health service workers’ behavior, PKK’s endorsement and elders’ families support towards the exploitation of this Posyandu in the working area of Batang Kuis Puskesmas in 2013. The population is 2480 old people and 50 of them are selected as the samples where the simple random sampling technique is used. The data collection is primarily done by using questionnaires and the statistic tests usedhere is univariate data analysis. The gathered data were analyzed by using both the uni- and bi-variate analysis with chi square tests and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression tests. The result of this research when using multiple logistic regression tests shows that the variables which influence the use of Posyandu for old people are related to the knowledge withcoefficient regression is 3.981, sig = 0.009 and EXP value (β) = 53.555 and the attitude with coefficient regression is around 0.2559, sig =0.020 and EXP value (β) = 12.920. Based on the result of this research, it is recommended that health care workers should increase the intensity of counseling, conveying communicative message and providing effective information and education in order to improve old people’s health.

Manusia Lanjut Usia (Lansia) adalah kelompok penduduk dari tahun ketahun jumlahnya semakin meningkat. Posyandu lansia merupakan program pemerintah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat dan mengantisipasi masalah kesehatan penduduk lansia. Menurut SK Menkes RI No 1457/Menkes/SK/X/2003 tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimum (SPM), target cakupan pelayanan kesehatan lansia sebesar 70%. Lansia dalam memanfaatkan posyandu lansia dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, sikap, sarana prasarana, perilaku tenaga kesehatan, dukungan PKK dan keluarga lansia. Pemanfaatan posyandu masih kurang disebabkan oleh karena kurangnya sosialisasi dari tenaga kesehatan dan kader PKK tentang manfaat posyandu, dan sarana prasarana yang kurang. Jenis penelitian explanatory research dengan pendekatan crosssectional yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan, sikap, sarana prasarana, perilaku tenaga kesehatan, dukungan PKK dan dukungan keluarga terhadap pemanfaatan posyandu lansia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Batang Kuis tahun 2013. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan uji statistik menggunakan analisis data univariat, analisis bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan analisis multivariate dengan uji regresi logistic ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan posyandu lansia adalah pengetahuan, koefesien regresi =3.982 sig = 0, 009 dan nilai Exp (β) = 53.555 dan sikap koefesien regresi = 2.559, sig = 0.020 dan nilai Exp (β) = 12.920. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pada lansia, dengan cara meningkatkan program yang ada yaitu pemberian makanan tambahan, pemeriksaan gula darah, protein urin, mengajarkan lansia cara merajut, dan mengembangkan ketrampilan lansia membuat jamu tradisional.