Pengaruh Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat terhadap Pencegahan Penyakit Ispa (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut) Pasca Bencana Banjir di Kelurahan Aek Nauli Kecamatan Siantar Selatan Kota Pematangsiantar Tahun 2013

Abstract

ISPA (Acute Respiratory Tract Infection) disease increases because flood brings with it sediment and mud which cause air pollution in the watershed area. Dust, brought by the river when the flood occurs, is scattered in the air and brings about air pollution because of natural and internal factors. The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of knowledge and attitude of the community on the prevention from ISPA disease after flood occurred at Kelurahan Aek Nauli, South Siantar Subdistrict, Pematangsiantar, in 2013. The population was all 797 families, and 89 of them were used as the samples. The data were gathered by conducting interviews with questionnaires and analyzed by using univatriate, bivatriate, and multivatriate analyses and tested by logistic regression test. The result of the research showed there was significant correlation between families’ knowledge and the prevention from ISPA disease in the post-flood with the value of p=0.014 (p<0.05). There was significant correlation between families’ attitude and the prevention from ISPA disease in the post-flood with the value of p=0.042 (p<0.05). It is recommended that the Management of Pematangsiantar City Administration, particularly the management of Kelurahan Aek Nauli, should provide counseling and socialization about the high risk of ISPA incident in the post-flood and provide training for health workers, especially about the way to handle and to prevent from ISPA disease in the post-flood.

Penyakit ISPA mengalami peningkatan karena banjir yang membawa banyak sedimen, endapan dan lumpur yang menyebabkan perumahan di sekitar aliran sungai terkena pencemaran udara. Debu yang beterbangan setelah air surut, yang dibawa oleh arus air pada saat banjir merupakan pencemaran udara karena faktor alamiah atau internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap pencegahan penyakit ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut) pasca bencana banjir di Kelurahan Aek Nauli Kecamatan Siantar Selatan Kota Pematangsiantar tahun 2013. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 797 kepala keluarga. Sampel sebanyak 89 responden. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, dianalisis dengan cara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat dan diuji melalui regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan signifikan pengetahuan kepala keluarga terhadap pencegahan penyakit ISPA pasca banjir dengan nilai p=0,014 (p<0,05). Ada hubungan signifikan sikap kepala keluarga terhadap pencegahan penyakit ISPA pasca banjir dengan nilai p=0,042 (p<0,05). Disarankan kepada Kepala Pemerintah Kota Pematangsiantar , khususnya di Kelurahan Aek Nauli agar memberikan penyuluhan dan sosialisasi mengenai risiko tinggi terjadinya penyakit ISPA pasca bencana banjir, pelatihan kepada petugas kesehatan khususnya mengenai cara penanganan dan pencegahan penyakit ISPA pasca bencana banjir.