Pemanfaatan Cendawan Entomopatogen Beauveria Bassiana (Bals.) Vuill Isolat Lokal sebagai Agens Hayati Penggerek Bubuk Buah Kopi Hypothenemus Hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

Abstract

Nixson Panjaitan, “The use of fungi entomopatogen B. bassiana (Bals) Vuill local isolate to control coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (coleopteran:scolytidae). Guidance by Darma Bakti, Maryani Cyccu Tobing. The research was to study of spores concentration of B. bassiana to control larva, pupa, and imago H. hampei in laboratory and field. This research was conducted at disease laboratory, Agriculture Faculty University of Sumatera Utara and at field in Lobu Siregar village Siborongborong-North Tapanuli (1200-1400 m dpl) and the other one was done in Tangga Batu village, Toba Samosir District (900-1100) from October 2013-August 2014. In laboratory used Randomized Complete Design with two treatments and three replications. In field used Randomized Block Design with two treatments and three replication. The first factor was spores concentration (control, 106, 107 ,dan108 spora/ml water) and the second factor was fruit coffee (green, yellow and red coffee). The results showed that B. bassiana 108 spora/ml is effective with larva mortality, pupa and imago H. Hampei. Persentase mortality in laboratory showed that the highest was 82,02% on larva, 76,32% on pupa and 72,42% on imago. Persentase mortality in Lobu Siregar village North Tapanuli showed that the heighest was 70,54% on larva, 63,02% on pupa and 54,88% on imago. Which in Tangga Batu Village Toba Samosir showed that the heighest was 68,88% on larva, 58,74% on pupa and 53,27% on imago. The heighest place was influenced to H. Hampei pest growth with their own size are 42,21% (1200-1400m dpl) and 38,72% (900-1100 m dpl). Growth and duration of time also influence propagul quantity.

Nixson Panjaitan, Pemanfaatan cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill isolat lokal sebagai agens hayati penggerek bubuk buah kopi Hypothenemus hampei (coleopteran:scolytidae), dibawah bimbingan Darma Bakti dan Maryani Cyccu Tobing. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi spora jamur B. bassiana terhadap mortalitas larva, pupa, dan imago H. hampei di laboratorium dan lapangan. Untuk mendapatkan pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap perkembangan H. hampei dan pengaruh lama penyimpanan terhadap jumlah propagul B. bassiana. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan dan di kebun Petani Desa Lobu Siregar Kecamatan Siborongborong, Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara (1200-1400 m dpl) dan Kabupaten Toba Samosir Desa Tangga Batu Kecamatan Tampahan (900-1100 m dpl). Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan Oktober 2013-Agustus 2014. Penelitian di laboratorium menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan tiga ulangan. Penelitian di lapangan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama kerapatan B. bassiana (kontrol, 106 ,107 dan, 108 spora/ml) dan faktor kedua buah kopi (buah kopi muda, setengah masak, dan berwarna merah). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan B. bassiana konsentrasi 108 spora/ml efektif terhadap mortalitas larva, pupa dan imago. Persentasi kematian tertinggi H. hampei larva, pupa, dan imago di laboratorium masing-masing sebesar 82.03%, 76.32%, dan 72.42% sedangkan di lapangan Desa Lobu Siregar Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara sebesar 70.54%, 63.21%, dan 54.58% di Desa Tangga Batu Kabupaten Toba Samosir sebesar 68.88%, 58.74% dan 53.27%. Ketinggian tempat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan H. hampei dengan masing-masing tempat sebesar 42.21% (1200-1400 m dpl) dan 38.72% (900-1100 m dpl). Lama penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap jumlah propagul.