Pengaruh Pola Makan terhadap Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di Sma Dharma Pancasila Medan Tahun 2013

Abstract

Anemia is a condition when hemoglobin in blood is less than normal. Teenagers period is as the risk factor time for the anemia and it may disurb the development and growth period of the female teenagers. Based on early survey in Dharma Pancasila Senior High School, female teenagers said that sometimes they did not have time for breakfast, others limited the amount and the frequency of their meals. The objective of this research was to know the influence of eating pattern (intake of protein, iron, pholate acid, and vitamin C) and the consumption of tea and coffee to the ocurence rate of anemia. The type of the research was descriptive analysis, with cross sectional design. The research was carried out in Dharma Pancasila Senior High School, Medan, from May to June, 2013. The population was all female students of Dharma Pancasila, Medan Senior High Scholl, and 100 of them were used as the samples. The data was analyzed using Chi Square and multiple logistic regression. The result of the research showed that The proportion of anemia for female teenagers in Dharma Pancasila Senior High School was 23.0% and there was the influence of Fe intake (p=0.045) to the occurence of anemia. Where as the protein, pholate acid, vitamin C, tea and coffee consumption did not have any influence to the incident of anemia. Female teenagers with insufficeient iron intake had bigger chance for anemia 8 times compared to those with sufficient iron intake. Exp (β )= 8.250. The prevention and the handling of anemia on female teenagers was carried out by giving counseling and by involving those school parties, parents and health officers (Padang Bulan Comunitiy Health Center). Hence, female teenagers know and realize the importance of eating pattern, specially to enhance the consumption of food containing enough iron substance intake.

Anemia adalah keadaan dimana kadar hemoglobin dalam darah kurang dari normal. Remaja beresiko terkena anemia dan berakibat terganggunya tumbuh kembang remaja putri. Berdasarkan survei awal di SMA Dharma Pancasila, sebagian remaja putri terkadang tidak sempat sarapan pagi, melakukan pembatasan jumlah dan frekuensi makan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola makan (asupan protein, zat besi, asam folat dan vitamin C) konsumsi teh dan kopi terhadap kejadian anemia. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis, dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan, bulan Mei-Juni 2013. Populasi adalah seluruh remaja putri SMA Dharma Pancasila Medan dan sampel sebanyak 100 orang.. Analisa data dengan Chi-Squre dan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi anemia remaja putri di SMA Dharma Pancasila adalah 23,0%, dan ada pengaruh asupan zat besi (p=0,045) terhadap kejadian anemia, sedangkan asupan protein, folat, vitamin C, konsumsi teh dan kopi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kejadian anemia. Remaja putri yang asupan zat besinya tidak tercukupi mempunyai kemungkinan 8 kali lebih besar mengalami anemia dibanding dengan remaja putri yang asupan zat besinya cukup. (Exp (B) = 8,250). Pencegahan dan penanggulangan anemia pada remaja putri dilakukan dengan penyuluhan/ pengarahan yang melibatkan pihak sekolah, orang tua, dan pihak kesehatan (Puskesmas Padang Bulan), sehingga remaja putri tahu dan menyadari pentingnya pola makan, khususnya meningkan konsumsi makanan yang mengandung banyak zat besi.