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dc.contributor.advisorBangun, Hakim
dc.contributor.advisorHarahap, Urip
dc.contributor.advisorIlyas, Syafruddin
dc.contributor.authorArianto, Anayanti
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-17T08:33:59Z
dc.date.available2021-09-17T08:33:59Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/43676
dc.description.abstractRanitidine HCl is absorbed in stomach and the initial part of the small intestine, and has short biological half life and poor bioavailability, hence, the treatment of gastric ulcus with ranitidine HCl conventional dosage form is less effective. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the preparation of ranitidine HCl dosage form to improve the therapeutic effect of ranitidine HCl. The aim of this study was to develop a gastroretentive drug delivery system of ranitidine HCl using alginate and chitosan polymer that could be retained for longer time in stomach, gave a sustained release of ranitidine HCl, and more effective antiulcer. The spherical matrices gastroretentive of ranitidine HCl were prepared using various ratio of alginate and chitosan polymers. The release of drug and swelling degree were tested by paddle method dissolution tester in simulated gastric fluid pH 1.2. The amount of ranitidine HCl released was measured using spectrophotometer ultraviolet at 224,6 nm. The surface morphology of the spherical matrices was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmision Electron Microscoy (TEM). Interaction of Alginate and chitosan was evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Colorimetric (DSC) thermal and conductivity measurement. In vitro Mucoadhesive test of the preparation performed by using DuNouy tensiometer using animal gastric mucosa. Gastroretentif test conducted in experimental animal. Antiulcer effect of the preparation was evaluated by pylorus ligation and HCl ulcer induction model. The amount of free acid and total acid, pH, gastric fluid volume, ulcer index, protective and curative effect of ulcer were determined, then stomach macroscopic and histopathology were observed. The results showed that the ranitidine HCl gastroretentive preparations made with alginate and chitosan (1:1) showed the greatest swelling and mucoadhesive properties, and lowest conductivity. The preparation showed that the release of ranitidine HCl was sustained release and retained in the stomach for 12-24 hours. The release of ranitidine HCl followed the Higuchi model and the mechanism of drug release was anomalous transport. Results of FTIR and DSC analysis showed there was an interaction between alginate and chitosan but there was no interaction between ranitidine HCl and matrix of alginate-chitosan. Antiulkus effect evaluation with pylorus ligation model showed the preparation increase pH and decrease the amount of free acid, total acid, gastric fluid, and the ulcer index more effectively than ranitidine HCl conventional tablet. HCl induced ulcer model test showed that the gastroretentif ranitidine HCl (alginat-kitosan 1:1) preparations were more quickly heal ulcers as compared to ranitidine HCl conventional tablets. Results of this study concludes that the preparations of ranitidine HCl gastroretentif spherical matrices (alginate-chitosan 1:1) potentially be used as an more effective anti-ulcer drug.en_US
dc.description.abstractRanitidin HCl diabsorbsi di lambung dan bagian atas usus halus, memiliki waktu paruh yang singkat, dan bioavailabilitas yang rendah, sehingga pengobatan ulkus lambung dengan sediaan ranitidin HCl konvensional adalah kurang efektif. Dengan demikian, perlu dikembangkan sediaan ranitidin HCl yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan efek terapi dari ranitidin HCl. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengembangkan sistem penghantaran obat gastrotetentif dari ranitidin HCl menggunakan polimer alginat dan kitosan yang dapat bertahan lebih lama dalam lambung yang melepaskan ranitidin HCl secara sustained release dan memberikan efek anti ulkus yang lebih efektif. Sediaan dibuat dalam bentuk matriks sferis menggunakan variasi rasio polimer alginat dan kitosan. Pelepasan obat dan daya swelling diuji dengan alat uji disolusi metode dayung dalam medium cairan lambung buatan pH 1,2. Kadar ranitidin HCl diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer ultra violet pada panjang gelombang 224,6 nm. Morfologi permukaan sediaan diperiksa dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) dan Transmision Electron Microscopy (TEM). Interaksi alginat dan kitosan diuji dengan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Scanning Colorimetric (DSC) dan pengukuran konduktivitas. Uji mukoadhesif sediaan dilakukan secara in vitro dengan DuNouy tensiometer menggunakan lambung hewan percobaan. Uji gastrorerentif dilakukan pada hewan percobaan. Efek antiulkus sediaan dievaluasi dengan model induksi ulkus dengan pylorus ligation dan model induksi ulkus dengan HCl. Jumlah asam bebas dan asam total, pH, volume cairan lambung, indeks ulkus, efek proteksi dan kuratif ulkus ditentukan, selanjutnya dilakukan pengamatan makroskopis dan histopatologi dari lambung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gastroretentif ranitidin HCl yang dibuat dengan alginat dan kitosan (1:1) menunjukkan sifat-sifat swelling dan mukoadhesif paling besar, konduktivitas paling kecil. Sediaan menunjukkan pelepasan ranitidin HCl yang sustained release dan bertahan dalam lambung selama 12-24 jam. Pelepasan ranitidin HCl mengikuti model Higuchi dan mekanisme pelepasan adalah anomalous transport. Hasil analisis FTIR dan DSC menunjukkan ada interaksi antara alginat dan kitosan membentuk kompleks alginat-kitosan tetapi tidak ada interaksi antara ranitidin HCl dan matriks alginatkitosan. Uji efek antiulkus dengan model pylorus ligation menunjukkan sediaan menaikan pH dan mengurangi jumlah asam bebas, asam total, cairan lambung, jumlah ulkus lebih efektif daripada tablet ranitidin HCl konvensional. Uji efek antiulkus model induksi dengan HCl menunjukkan bahwa sediaan gastroretentif ranitidin HCl (alginat-kitosan 1:1) lebih cepat menyembuhkan ulkus dibandingkan dengan tablet ranitidin HCl konvensional. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sediaan gastroretentif bentuk matriks sferis alginat-kitosan 1:1 yang mengandung ranitidin HCl potensial digunakan sebagai obat anti ulkus yang lebih efektif.en_US
dc.language.isoiden_US
dc.publisherUniversitas Sumatera Utaraen_US
dc.subjectgastroretentive,en_US
dc.subjectranitidine HCl,en_US
dc.subjectantiulcer,en_US
dc.subjectalginate,en_US
dc.subjectChitosanen_US
dc.titlePembuatan Sediaan Gastroretentif Ranitidin Hidroklorida sebagai Antiulkus Menggunakan Polimer Alginat-Kitosanen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
dc.identifier.nimNIM098116008
dc.description.pages289 Halamanen_US
dc.description.typeDisertasi Doktoren_US


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