dc.description.abstract | Background : Aging is a physiologic process which occurs in all organs
including the skin. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is the major external factor
that cause photoaging by generating reactive oxygen species that
increase Matrix Metalloproteinase – 1 (MMP-1) and decrease synthesis of
type I procollagen. Indonesia as one of a biodiversity country is very
potential to produce herbal richest antioxidants that act as skin antiaging
agent. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) is a cruciferae
group vegetables which has a great amount of antioxidant.
Objectives : To investigate broccoli flower extract (BFE) as an effective
and safe skin anti photoaging agent in vitro.
Methods : An experimental (in vitro) study had been conducted including
phytochemical test of BFE, photoaging inhibition test and cytotoxicity test.
Phytochemical test had been done by qualitative identification of chemical
compound of BFE. Photoaging inhibition test based on quantification of
MMP-1 and type I procollagen expression at mRNA and protein level in
ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiated human skin fibroblast culture. The mRNA
assay had been done by Real time RT – PCR while the protein assay
done by ELISA/EIA. The cytotoxicity test had been done by MTT assay to
determine the cell viability by BFE exprosure
Result : Phytochemical test showed BFE contains alkaloids, glicosides,
steroids/triterpenoids, saponin and flavonoids. The mean value of mRNA
MMP-1 expression were 116.233 and 124.800g/ml at 50 and 100mJ/cm2
UVB irradiation. Treatment of BFE with 25, 50 and 100g/ml decreased
the mRNA MMP-1 expression to 110.900, 48.300, and 20.167g/mL at
50mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation and 91.700, 77.600 and 55.333g/ml at
100mJ/cm2
. The mean value of protein MMP-1 expression were 19.474
and 19.510ng/ml at 50 and 100mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation. Treatment of BFE
25, 50 and 100g/ml decreased the protein MMP-1 expression to 18.996,
18.711, 13.105ng/ml at 50mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation and 17.974, 17.342,
16.578g/ml at 100mJ/cm2
. The mean value of mRNA type I procollagen
expression were 30.167 and 22.633g/ml at 50 and 100mJ/cm2 UVB
irradiation.Treatment of BFE 25, 50 and 100g/ml increased the mRNA
type I procollagen expression to 43.767, 46.667, 48.600g/ml at 50mJ/cm2
UVB irradiation and 32.467, 51.433, 60.867g/ml at 100mJ/cm2
. The
mean value of protein type I procollagen expression were 163.878 and
132.329ng/ml at 50 and 100mJ/cm2
. Treatment of BFE with 25, 50 and
Universitas Sumatera Utara
iv
100g/ml increased the protein type I procollagen expression to 179.434,
195.972, 336.342ng/ml at 50mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation and 135.624,
137.177, 168.969ng/ml at 100mJ/cm2
. By Anova two ways we found there
were significant differences of the mean value of between mRNA MMP-1,
protein MMP-1, mRNA type I procollagen and protein type I procollagen
expression based on irradiation dose (p < 0.05) and BFE concentration
(p < 0.05). There were also an interaction between irradiation dose and
BFE concentration (p < 0.05). By Spearman’s correlation test there were
significant negative correlation between BFE concentration with mRNA
MMP-1 expression (r = - 0.972, p < 0.01) at 50mJ/cm2 UVB irradition and
at 100mJ/cm2
(r = - 0.972, p < 0.01), as well as BFE concentration and
protein MMP-1 expression at 50mJ/cm2
irradiation (r = - 0.973, p < 0.01)
and at 100mJ/cm2
(r = - 0.972, p < 0.01). There were significant positive
correlation between BFE concentration and mRNA procollagen type I
expression at 50mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation (r = 0.972, p < 0.01) and at
100mJ/cm2 (r = 0.972, p < 0.01), as well as BFE concentration with protein
procollagen type I expression at 50 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation (r = 0.975,
p < 0.01) and at 100 mJ/cm2
(r = 0.973, p < 0.01). By Spearman’s
correlation test there were significant positive correlation between MMP-1
expression at mRNA level with protein level at 50 mJ/cm2
(r = 0.911,
p < 0.01) and at 100mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation (r = 0.972, p < 0.01). By
Spearman’s correlation test there were significant positive correlation
between type I procollagen expression at mRNA level with protein level at
50mJ/cm2
(r = 0.975, p < 0.01) and at 100 mJ/cm2 UVB irradiation
(r = 0.956, p < 0.01). The cytotoxicity test showed BFE until 1000g/ml did
not cytotoxic to human skin fibroblast. The mean value of viability cell was
111.79 %.
Conclusion : BFE contains alkaloids, glicosides, steroids/triterpenoids,
saponin and flavonoids. BFE decrease MMP-1 expression and increase
type I procollagen expression both at mRNA and protein level. There were
correlations between BFE concentration with MMP-1 and type I
procollagen expression at mRNA and protein level. There were
correlations between MMP-1 and type I procollagen expression at mRNA
level with protein level. BFE did not cytotoxic to human skin fibroblast.
Therefore BFE has been proved as an effective and safe skin anti
photoaging agent in cellular as well as molecular level, in vitro. Finally it is
suggested further investigation involving animal and human subjects could
be carried out in the future. | en_US |
dc.description.abstract | Latar belakang : Proses penuaan adalah proses fisiologis yang terjadi
pada seluruh organ tubuh termasuk kulit. Sinar ultraviolet (UV) merupakan
faktor luar yang paling berperan sebagai penyebab penuaan kulit dini
(photoaging) melalui produksi spesies oksigen reaktif yang selanjutnya
dapat menyebabkan peningkatan Matriks Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)
dan penurunan sintesis prokolagen tipe I. Indonesia sebagai negara
dengan keanekaragaman hayati sangat potensial menghasilkan
antioksidan herbal yang mampu bekerja menghambat proses penuaan
kulit. Brokoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) merupakan salah
satu jenis tanaman kubis-kubisan yang kaya akan antioksidan.
Tujuan : Membuktikan ekstrak bunga brokoli (EBB) sebagai obat herbal
baru yang efektif dan aman sebagai anti penuaan kulit dini (photoaging)
secara in vitro.
Metode : Sebuah studi eksperimen laboratorium telah dilakukan meliputi
uji kandungan fitokimia dari EBB, uji penghambatan penuaan kulit dini
(photoaging) secara in vitro, dan uji sitotoksisitas. Uji fitokimia dilakukan
dengan identifikasi secara kualitatif golongan senyawa yang terkandung
dalam EBB. Uji penghambatan photoaging dilakukan dengan pengukuran
ekspresi MMP-1 dan prokolagen tipe I pada tingkat mRNA dan tingkat
protein pada kultur fibroblas kulit manusia yang dipajan sinar ultraviolet B
(UVB). Pemeriksaan mRNA dilakukan dengan Real time RT-PCR
sedangkan pemeriksaan protein dengan metode ELISA/EIA. Uji
sitotoksitas dilakukan dengan uji MTT untuk menilai viabilitas sel fibroblas
terhadap paparan EBB.
Hasil : Uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa EBB mengandung alkaloid,
glikosida, steroid/triterpenoid, saponin, dan flavonoid. Nilai rerata ekspresi
mRNA MMP-1 pada penyinaran UVB 50 dan 100mJ/cm2 adalah 116,233
dan 124,800g/ml. Pemberian EBB dengan konsentrasi 25, 50 dan
100g/ml mampu menurunkan ekspresi mRNA MMP-1 masing-masing
menjadi 110,900, 48,300, 20,167g/ml pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
dan
91,700, 77,600, 55,333g/ml pada penyinaran 100mJ/cm2
. Nilai rerata
ekspresi protein MMP-1 pada penyinaran UVB 50 dan 100mJ/cm2 adalah
19,474 dan 19,510ng/ml. Pemberian EBB 25, 50 dan 100g/ml
menurunkan ekspresi protein MMP-1 menjadi 18,996, 18,711,
13,105ng/ml pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
dan menjadi 17,974, 17,342,
16,578ng/ml pada penyinaran 100mJ/cm2
. Nilai rerata ekspresi mRNA prokolagen tipe I pada penyinaran UVB 50 dan 100mJ/cm2
adalah 30,167
dan 22,633g/ml. Pemberian EBB 25, 50, dan 100g/ml dapat
meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA prokolagen tipe I menjadi 43,767, 46,667,
48,600g/ml pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
dan 32,467, 51,433, 60,867g/ml
pada penyinaran 100mJ/cm2
. Nilai rerata ekspresi protein prokolagen
tipe I pada penyinaran UVB 50 dan 100mJ/cm2
adalah 163,878 dan
132,329ng/ml. Pemberian EBB 25, 50 dan 100g/ml mampu
meningkatkan ekspresi protein prokolagen tipe I menjadi 179,434,
195,972, 336,342ng/ml pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
dan 135,624, 137,177,
168,969ng/ml pada penyinaran 100mJ/cm2
. Dengan Uji Anova two ways
terdapat perbedaan bermakna rerata ekspresi mRNA MMP-1, protein
MMP-1, mRNA prokolagen tipe I dan protein prokolagen tipe I
berdasarkan dosis penyinaran (p < 0,05) dan konsentrasi ekstrak (p <
0,05) dan terdapat interaksi antara dosis penyinaran dan konsentrasi
ekstrak (p < 0,05). Dengan uji korelasi Spearman’s terdapat hubungan
negatif yang bermakna antara konsentrasi EBB dengan ekspresi mRNA
MMP-1 pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
(r = - 0,972, p < 0,01) dan 100mJ/cm2
(r = - 0,972, p < 0,01). Demikian pula antara konsentrasi EBB dengan
ekspresi protein MMP-1 pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
(r = - 0,973, p < 0,01)
dan 100mJ/cm2
(r = - 0,972, p < 0,01). Terdapat hubungan positif yang
bermakna antara konsentrasi EBB dengan ekspresi mRNA prokolagen
tipe I pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
(r = 0,972, p < 0,01) dan 100mJ/cm2 (r
= 0,972, p < 0,01). Demikian pula antara konsentrasi EBB dengan
ekspresi protein prokolagen tipe I pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
(r = 0,975,
p < 0,01) dan 100mJ/cm2
(r = 0,973, p < 0,01). Dengan uji korelasi
Spearman’s terdapat hubungan searah yang bermakna antara ekspresi
MMP-1 pada tingkat mRNA dan tingkat proteinnya pada penyinaran
50mJ/cm2
(r = 0,911, p < 0,01) ataupun penyinaran 100mJ/cm2
(r = 0,972,
p < 0,01). Dengan uji korelasi Spearman’s terdapat hubungan searah
yang bermakna antara ekspresi prokolagen tipe I pada tingkat mRNA
dengan tingkat proteinnya pada penyinaran 50mJ/cm2
(r = 0,975, p < 0,01)
maupun 100mJ/cm2
(r = 0,956, p < 0,01).
Simpulan : EBB mengandung alkaloid, glikosida, steroid/ triterpenoid,
saponin, dan flavonoid. EBB dapat menurunkan ekspresi MMP-1 dan
meningkatkan ekspresi prokolagen tipe I baik pada tingkat mRNA maupun
tingkat protein. Ada hubungan konsentrasi EBB dengan ekspresi MMP-1
dan prokolagen tipe I pada tingkat mRNA ataupun protein. Ada hubungan
hasil ekspresi MMP-1 dan prokolagen tipe I pada tingkat mRNA dengan
tingkat proteinnya. EBB tidak menimbulkan efek sitotoksik terhadap sel
fibroblas kulit manusia. Dengan demikian, EBB terbukti efektif dan aman
sebagai anti penuaan kulit dini (photoaging) pada tingkat seluler dan
molekuler secara in vitro. Selanjutnya diharapkan dapat diteliti pada
hewan coba dan manusia. | en_US |