Gangguan Fungsi Kognitif pada Remaja Penderita Migren dan Peran Terapi Profilaktik Siproheptadin

Abstract

Background: Migraine is the common cause of absent in school. There are still some controversies about the association of cognitive function and migraine. Prophylactic therapy for 1 to 2 months can reduce the incidence of migraine. Objective: To evaluate whether cyproheptadine as prophylactic therapy influence cognitive function in migraineurs adolescent. Methods: This study is a single mask randomized controlled clinical trial study. Samples were 11 to 18 years old students with migraine. Diagnosis of migraine was determined according to The International Classification of Headache Society (IHS). Sample was randomized into 2 groups; intervention group that received cyproheptadine 4 mg once daily and control group that received placebo. Cognitive function was assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) before intervention and 2 months after therapy. Results: From 100 migraineurs adolescent completed the study. After 2 months of therapy, there were significant differences on verbal IQ, performance IQ, full IQ and proportion of full IQ gradation compared with baseline for group cyproheptadine. Conclusion: There was significant difference on cognitive function after intervention compared with baseline in cyproheptadine group, even though there was no significant difference compared with placebo groups

Latar belakang. Migren merupakan penyebabkan umum ketidakhadiran anak di sekolah. Masih di jumpai beberapa perbedaan pendapat mengenai hubungan migren dan fungsi kognitif. Terapi profilaktik selama 1 sampai 2 bulan dapat menurunkan kejadian migren Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui apakah terapi profilaktik siproheptadin akan mempengaruhi fungsi kognitif remaja penderita migren. Metode. Suatu penelitian uji klinis tersamar tunggal. Sampel penelitian adalah anak sekolah usia 11 sampai 18 tahun yang menderita migren. Diagnosis migren di tegakkan berdasarkan klasifikasi Internasional Headache Society (HIS). Sampel di acak menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok intervensi mendapat siproheptadin 4 mg satu kali perhari dan kelompok kontrol mendapat terapi plasebo. Fungsi kognitif di nilai dengan menggunakan WISC sebelum intervensi dan 2 bulan setelah terapi. Hasil. Dari 100 remaja migren yang menyelesaikan penelitian, setelah 2 bulan terapi terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap IQ verbal, IQ performance, full IQ dan perbandingan tingkat IQ dibanding data dasar pada kelompok siproheptadin. Kesimpulan. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada fungsi kognitif setelah intervensi di banding data dasar pada kelompok siproheptadin, tetapi tidak pada kelompok placebo.