Pengaruh Penambahan Kitosan Nano Gel terhadap Sifat Mekanis dan Stabilitas Warna Bahan Basis Gigi Tiruan Resin Akrilik Polimerisasi Panas

Abstract

Heat-activated denture base resin is the material most commonly used as a denture base, but these materials still lack a long-term use one of them is the low mechanical properties. To improve these properties, a reinforcing material is added. Recently, there is a great interest for the study of natural products, such as chitosan. Research on thermal polymerization of acrylic resin added high molecular chitosan nanoparticles to increase the strength of denture base materials have not been studied to date therefore researchers are particularty interested in examining these two materials.Chitosan is a proven biocompatible material that is safe for humans. This study was aimed to look at the effect of adding chitosan nano gel on the mechanical properties and color stability oh heat-activated denture base resin. Sample in this study is the heat-activated denture base resin rectangular shape with the size of 50x6x4mm (for impact), 64x10x2,5mm (for transverse), and 40x10x2mm (for colors stability). 6 samples size of each group, ie : control group and the group plus chitosan nano gel 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. Sample preparation starts with making mold in the cuvette. After placement of the control group and the heat-activated denture base resin plus chitosan nano gel into a mold then performed cuvette pressing and curing in waterbath with a temperature of 740C for 120 minute and 1000C for 60 minute, After being removed from the sample cuvette last trimmed impact strength testing using charpy tester, transverse strength testing using torsee’s electronic system universal testing machine with initial load of 50 kgf and color stability testing by means of UV-Visible spectrophotometer with 552 nm wavelength. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and LSD. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the statistical analysis showed there were significant differences on heat-activated denture base resin without chitosan nano gel. The value of impact strength of heat-activated denture base resin without chitosan nano gel are 5.83x10-3 J/mm2 lower than 5.91, 6.41, 6.58, 7.91 and 6.08x10-3 J/mm2 with chitosan nano gel 0.25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,0%, and 1,5%. The same thing on the transverse strength of heat-activated denture base resin without chitosan nano gel are 74.62 Mpa lower 74.93, 75.14, 78.88, 79.00, and 78.58 Mpa with chitosan nano gel 0.25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,0%, and 1,5%. The colors stability of heat-activated denture base resin without chitosan nano gel are 0.07345 cm-1 and 0.07354, 0.07383, 0.07499, 0.07589 lower than 0.07554 cm-1 with chitosan nano gel 0.25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,0%, and 1,5%. In conclusion, no difference in value of impact strength, transverse strength, and discoloring of the heat-activated denture base material of acrylic resin polymerization significant after the addition of chitosan nano gel 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0% and 1.5%. The addition of chitosan nano gel 1% is a consistency most suitable for use as a reinforcing material.

Resin akrilik polimerisasi panas merupakan bahan yang sering digunakan sebagai basis gigi tiruan, namun bahan ini masih memiliki kekurangan dalam pemakaian jangka panjang salah satunya adalah sifat mekanis yang rendah. Untuk memperbaiki sifat tersebut, bahan penguat ditambahkan. Pemakaian bahan alam seperti kitosan untuk memperbaiki sifat resin akrilik polimerisasi panas lebih diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan kitosan molekul tinggi dalam bentuk nano gel terhadap kekuatan mekanis bahan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dan stabilitas warnanya. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah resin akrilik polimerisasi panas berbentuk persegi panjang dengan ukuran 50x6x4mm (untuk uji impak), 64x10x2,5mm (uji transversal), dan 40x10x2mm (uji stabilitas warna). Besar sampel 6 setiap kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok yang ditambahkan kitosan nano gel 0.25, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0%, dan 1.50%. Pembuatan sampel dimulai dengan membuat mold di dalam kuvet. Setelah pengepresan kuvet dilakukan kuring di dalam waterbath dengan suhu740C selama 120 menit dan 1000C selama 60 menit. Pengujian kekuatan impak dilakukan dengan alat charpy tester, pengujian kekuatan transversal menggunakan torsee’s electronic system universal testing machine dengan beban awal 50 kgf dan pengukuran stabilitas warna dengan alat UV-Visible spectrophotometer dengan panjang gelombang 552 nm. Hasil Uji statistik ANOVA dan LSD menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada resin akrilik polimerisasi panas tanpa penambahan kitosan nano gel dengan penambahan kitosan nano gel. Nilai kekuatan impak resin akrilik polimerisasi panas tanpa penambahan kitosan nano gel 5.83x10-3 J/mm2 lebih rendah dibandingkan 5.91, 6.41, 6.58, 7.91 dan 6.08x10-3 J/mm2 dengan kitosan nano gel 0.25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,0%, dan 1,5%. Hal yang sama pada nilai kekuatan transversal tanpa penambahan kitosan nano gel 74.62 Mpa lebih rendah dibandingkan 74.93, 75.14, 78.88, 79.00, dan 78.58 Mpa dengan penambahan kitosan nano gel 0.25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,0%, dan 1,5%. Nilai stabilitas warna pada resin akrilik polimerisasi panas tanpa penambahan kitosan nano gel 0.07345cm-1 lebih rendah dibandingkan 0.07354, 0.07383, 0.07499, 0.07589 dan 0.07554 cm-1 dengan kitosan nano gel 0.25%, 0,50%, 0,75%, 1,0%, dan 1,5%. Kesimpulan, Ada perbedaan nilai kekuatan impak, kekuatan transversal dan perubahan warna bahan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas yang signifikan setelah penambahan kitosan nano gel dengan persentase yang berbeda yaitu 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.0% dan 1.5%. Penambahan kitosan nano gel 1% merupakan konsistensi yang paling cocok digunakan sebagai bahan penguat.