Pengaruh Karakterisitik Sumur dan Tanah terhadap Kadar Timbal(Pb) pada Air Sumur Gali Penduduk Disekitar Industri Daur Ulang Aki di Desa Bandar Khalifah Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2016

Abstract

The most commonly facility of clean water is dug wells. The decrease in the quality of ground water is indicated by the existence of pollution like lead (Pb) which comes from the activity of battery recycling industry. The objective of the research was to find out the influence of the characteristics of wells and soil on lead content in dug well water of the people who lived at Bandar Khalifah Village, Percut Sei Tuan Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, in 2016. The research used analytic correlation study with cross sectional design The samples were well water and soil which were taken from 3 locations based on the distance; namely, < 10 meters, 10-15 meters, and > 50 meters, taken by using purposive sampling technique. Each location had 10 dug wells and 1 sample of soil so that there were 30 dug well water samples and 3 soil samples. The result of the research showed that 9 dug wells (30%) had their water contained lead above quality standard (> 0.05 mg/L). There was the influence of the variables of the depth of the wells, the distance from the source of pollution to the wells, and physical construction on lead content in dug well water of 67.1%. The most dominant variable which influence lead content in dug well water was the physical construction of the wells (coefficient value (β) = 0,321). Resident was suggested not to use wells water as primary resource to drinking water and cooking. It recommended that the Health Department of Deli Serdang provide training and counseling for the pepople in using dug well water to make a zeolit sand filter, and take care of the wells construction. Those who wants to make dug wells should comply with the requirment for phisycal construction and the depth of the wells.

Sarana paling umum sebagai sumber utama air bersih adalah sumur gali. Penurunan kualitas air tanah ditandai dengan kehadiran beberapa polutan diantaranya timbal (Pb) yang dapat berasal dari kegiatan industri daur ulang aki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik sumur dan tanah terhadap kadar timbal pada air sumur gali penduduk disekitar industri daur ulang aki di Desa Bandar Khalifah Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Kabupaten Deli Serdang Tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi analitik korelasi, dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampel. Sampel air sumur dan tanah diambil pada 3 titik berdasarkan jarak yaitu < 10 meter, 10-50 meter dan > 50 meter. Setiap titik dipilih 10 sumur gali dan 1 sampel tanah sehingga jumlah sampel adalah 30 sampel air sumur gali dan 3 sampel tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9 sumur (30%) yang airnya mengandung timbal diatas nilai baku mutu (> 0,05 mg/L). Ada pengaruh variabel kedalaman sumur, jarak sumber pencemar dari sumur, konstruksi fisik sumur terhadap kadar timbal pada air sumur gali, dengan besar pengaruh variabel secara keseluruhan adalah 67,1%. Kedalaman sumur merupakan variabel yang paling dominan mempengaruhi kadar timbal pada air sumur (nilai koefisien (β) = - 0,444). Masyarakat dianjurkan untuk tidak menggunakan air sumur sebagai sumber air minum dan memasak. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Deli Serdang diharapkan memberikan pelatihan dan penyuluhan pembuatan saringan pasir zeolit kepada masyarakat, serta merawat konstruksi fisik sumur. Jika masyarakat akan membangun sumur gali harus memenuhi syarat konstruksi fisik dan kedalaman sumur.