Korelasi Kadar Timbal dalam Darah dengan Kadar Imunoglobulin-E Total pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar

Abstract

Background Lead is a heavy metal that is commonly found in daily materials. Lead poisoning may cause various health problems including the immune system. Several studies showed that lead will cause changes in T helper1 dependent to T helper2 dependent resulting in increased allergic sensitization through the increased production of total immunoglobulin E(IgE). Objective To determine the correlation between lead serum level with total IgE level in school-aged children. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in Juli 2015 to children aged 9-12 years old located in a elementary school industrial area, Medan Sumatera Utara. Risk of allergy was determined using Indonesian Pediatric Allergy Immunology Working Grup trace card scoring system. Children with atopy and worm infection were excluded. We took blood samples to obtain the lead serum and total IgE level. Data was analyzed using correlation test. Results From 42 subjects, 27 were boys and 15 girls. The mean age was 10.3 year (SD 1.09), 18 subjects with medium risk of allergic. The mean serum lead level was 2.57 μg/dL (SD 0.58, 95% CI 2.42-2.74), the mean total IgE level was 1155 IU/L (SD 3340, 95% CI 114.43-2196.22). From the correlation between lead serum level with total IgE by using Spearman test we obtained r= 0.023, p=0.887. Conclusion There was no correlation between lead serum level and total IgE level among school aged children.

Latar belakang Timbal merupakan logam berat yang banyak ditemukan dalam bahan sehari-hari. Keracunan timbal dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan termasuk pada sistem imun. Pada beberapa penelitian timbal akan menyebabkan perubahan T-helper 1 (Th1) dependent ke T-helper 2 (Th2) dependent yang mengakibatkan meningkatnya sensitisasi alergi melalui peningkatan produksi imunoglobulin E (IgE). Tujuan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar timbal dalam darah dengan kadar imunoglobulin E total pada anak usia sekolah dasar. Metode Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan cross sectional, yang dilakukan di SD Al Washliyah Medan Sumatera Utara. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia 9-12 tahun. Risiko alergi dinilai dengan menggunakan trace card. Anak yang atopi dan infeksi cacing diekslusikan. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar timbal darah dan kadar IgE total. Data di analisa dengan uji korelasi. Hasil Dari 42 subjek 27 laki-laki dan 15 perempuan, rerata usia 10.3 tahun (1.09), 18 anak memiliki risiko atopi sedang, rerata kadar timbal 2.57 μg/dL (SB 0.58, IK 95% 2.42-2.74), rerata kadar IgE 1155 IU/L (SB 3340, IK 95% 114.43-2196.22). Dari hasil uji Spearman didapatkan r= 0.023, p=0.887l. Kesimpulan Tidak ada korelasi antara kadar timbal dalam darah dan kadar IgE total pada anak usia sekolah dasar.