Pengaruh Penambahan E-Glass Fiber terhadap Sifat Mekanis Basis Gigi Tiruan Resin Akrilik Polimerisasi Panas

Abstract

Heat-polymerized acrylic resins are commonly used as denture base material, but they are not ideal yet in fulfill the mechanical requirements of a denture base because they have relatively low mechanical properties (impact, transverse strength and modulus of elasticity) that are susceptible to fracture during clinical application. Various modifications were made to improve the mechanical properties of heatpolymerized acrylic resins, one of them with the addition of E-glass fiber. The purpose of this study was to determine wether there are the effect of 3mm chopped E-glass fiber with 1% and 1,5% by weight addition on heat-polymerized acrylic resins denture base material to impact strength, transversal and modulus of elasticity, and correlation between impact, transversal strength and modulus of elasticity after the addition of E-glass fiber. The type of this study was experimental laboratory. Preparation of 90 samples of heat-polymerized acrylic resins was done at Unit UJI Laboratorium Dental FKG USU. The sample was divided into nine groups, each of which consisted of ten samples consisting of the impact strength test group without, with the addition of 1% and 1,5% E-glass fibers; transversal strength test groups without, with the addition of 1% and 1,5% E-glass fibers; as well as the modulus of elasticity test group without, with the addition of 1% and 1,5% E-glass fibers. The impact strength test was performed using Charpy impact tester, transverse strength and modulus of elasticity using Universal testing machine, then SEM analysis was done on the surface of the fracture sample. One way ANOVA statistical test showed that there was the effect of 3mm chopped E-glass fiber with 1% and 1,5% by weight addition on heat-polymerized acrylic resins denture base material to impact p=0.0001 (p <0,05); transversal strength p= 0.002 (p <0.05); and modulus of elasticity p= 0.002 (p <0.05). Result of Pearson correlation statistic test showed no correlation between impact-transversal strength (r=0,311 and p=0,094) (p>0,05); impact strength-modulus of elasticity (r=0.284 and p=0.128) (p>0,05); and the transversal strength-modulus of elasticity (r=-0.044 and p=0.816) (p>0,05). The result of this study concluded that the addition of 1% and 1,5% E-glass fiber can increase the impact, transverse strength and modulus of elasticity of heat-polymerized acrylic resins denture base and the addition of 1% E-glass fiber can increase balanced impact, transversal strength and modulus of elasticity.

Resin akrilik polimeriasi panas merupakan bahan yang umum digunakan sebagai basis gigi tiruan, namun bahan ini belum ideal dalam memenuhi persyaratan mekanis suatu basis gigi tiruan karena memiliki sifat mekanis (kekuatan impak, transversal dan modulus elastisitas) yang relatif rendah sehingga rentan terhadap fraktur selama pemakaian klinis. Berbagai modifikasi dilakukan untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanis resin akrilik polimeriasi panas, salah satunya dengan penambahan E-glass fiber. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan E-glass fiber bentuk potongan kecil 3mm dengan konsentrasi berat 1% dan 1,5% pada bahan basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimeriasi panas terhadap kekuatan impak, transversal dan modulus elastisitas, serta korelasi yang terjadi antara kekuatan impak, transversal dan modulus elastisitas setelah penambahan E-glass fiber. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris. Pembuatan sampel resin akrilik polimerisasi panas yang berjumlah 90 sampel dilakukan di Unit UJI Laboratorium Dental FKG USU. Sampel penelitian dibagi menjadi sembilan kelompok, masing-masing berjumlah sepuluh sampel yang terdiri dari kelompok uji kekuatan impak tanpa, dengan penambahan E-glass fiber 1% dan 1,5%; kelompok uji kekuatan transversal tanpa, dengan penambahan E-glass fiber 1% dan 1,5%; serta kelompok uji modulus elastisitas tanpa, dengan penambahan E-glass fiber 1% dan 1,5%. Pengujian kekuatan impak dilakukan menggunakan Charpy impact tester, kekuatan transversal dan modulus elastisitas menggunakan Universal testing machine, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis SEM pada permukaan sampel yang fraktur. Uji statistik ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan ada pengaruh penambahan E-glass fiber bentuk potongan kecil 3mm dengan konsentrasi berat 1% dan 1,5% terhadap kekuatan impak p=0,0001 (p<0,05); kekuatan transversal p=0,002 (p<0,05); dan modulus elastisitas p=0,002 (p<0,05). Hasil uji statistik Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara kekuatan impak-kekuatan tranversal (r=0,311 dan p=0,094) (p>0,05); kekuatan impak-modulus elastisitas (r=0,284 dan p=0,128) (p>0,05); dan kekuatan tranversal-modulus elastisitas (r=-0,044 dan p=0,816) (p>0,05). Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa penambahan E-glass fiber 1% dan 1,5% dapat meningkatkan kekuatan impak, transversal dan modulus elastisitas basis gigi tiruan resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dan penambahan E-glass fiber 1% dapat meningkatkan kekuatan impak, transversal dan modulus elastisitas yang seimbang.