Kajian Pengaruh Periode Simpan Pasca Pematahan Dormansi dan Efek Pemanasan Ulang terhadap Viabilitas Benih Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guienensis Jacq, L.)

Abstract

Study on the influence of storage period and reheating on the viability of post dormancy broken oil palm seeds. The aims of this study was to find the simplest and most effective way to store and the best period of reheating time to maintain the seed quality. The research was conducted at Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute. The experimental designed used in this study was completely randomized design (CRD) using 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was seed storage period (S), at four levels namel, without storage (S0), storage for 1 month (S1), storage for 2 months (S2), and storage for 3 months (S3). The second factor was days of reheating (P), at five levels namely, without reheating (P0), reheating for 5 days (P1), reheating for 10 days (P2), reheating for 15 days (P3) and reheating for 20 days (P4). Variables measured include germination rate, respiration, water content, free fatty acid and seed vigor testing the electric conductivity test. The results showed that storage period as well as reheating significantly reduced seed viability and that the highest seed viability was obtained at the control (without storage and without reheating). It was concluded that post dormancy broken oil palm seeds when germination don’t need reheating after stored up to three months period, during which germination of the seeds was reduced to around 70%.

Kajian Pengaruh Periode Simpan Pasca Pematahan Dormansi dan Efek Pemanasan Ulang Terhadap Viabilitas Benih Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq, L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyimpanan pasca pematahan dormansi dan efek pemanasan ulang terhadap viabilitas benih kelapa sawit. Tempat penelitian di Pusat Penelitian Kelapa Sawit (PPKS) Medan, berlangsung selama 6 bulan, mulai bulan Maret sampai September 2011. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak lengkap (RAL) dengan menggunakan 2 faktor, dan 3 ulangan. Faktor Pertama adalah Periode Simpan (S), yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu tanpa disimpan (S0), disimpan 1 bulan (S1), disimpan 2 bulan (S2) dan disimpan 3 bulan (S3). Faktor kedua adalah Pemanasan ulang (P), yang terdiri dari 5 taraf, yaitu tanpa dipanasi ulang (P0), dipanasi ulang selama 5 hari (P1), dipanasi ulang selama 10 hari (P2), dipanasi ulang selama 15 hari (P3) dan dipanasi ulang selama 20 hari (P4). Peubah yang diamati meliputi daya berkecambah, laju respirasi, kadar air, asam lemak bebas dan kebocoran membran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan periode simpan dan pemanasan ulang berpengaruh nyata terhadap viabilitas, dan viabilitas tertinggi adalah pada kontrol (tanpa periode simpan dan tanpa pemanasan ulang). Sebagai kesimpulan benih kelapa sawit setelah dipatahkan dormansinya kemudian disimpan sampai periode simpan 3 bulan, dan ketika dikecambahkan tidak membutuhkan perlakuan pemanasan ulang dan persentase daya kecambahnya berkisar 70%.