Pengembangan dan Pengujian Penetrometer Digital Berbasis Arduino Uno R3 dengan Penambahan Sensor Ultrasonik

Abstract

A penetrometer is an instrument designed to evaluate soil penetration. Determination of the distance to the depth of the soil is still measured manually so that ultrasonic sensors can be added. The aim of the research was to develop a penetrometer based on Arduino Uno R3 as a wetland test device equipped with a sensor ultrasonic. The research was conducted in rice fields Bunga Teratai street, Medan Selayang subdistrict, Medan, Sumatra Utara. Based on the tests on a digital penetrometer obtained, the precise and accuracy of the ultrasonic sensor at a depth of 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm with an angle of 90o = 99.74%, 75o = 98.16%, 60o = 95.33%, 45o = 90.44%, and 30o = 85.02%. The highest penetration resistance value was found on the 5 x 5 cm plate, with 75o angle of 34.78 kg/cm2, while the lowest value was on the 5 x 10 cm plate, with 60o angle of 4.96 kg/cm2. The research was conducted in rice fields with sandy clay texture, the value of dry moisture content of 126.46%, wet moisture content of 55.56%, soil porosity of 78.56%, soil mass density of 0.59 gr/cm3, and particle density soil of 2.69 gr/cm3.

Penetrometer merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur penetrasi tanah. Penentuan jarak kedalaman tanah masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga dilakukan penambahan sensor ultrasonik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan penetrometer digital berbasis Arduino Uno R3 sebagai alat uji dilahan basah yang dilengkapi dengan sensor ulltrasonik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Lahan sawah Jl. Bunga Teratai Kec. Medan Selayang, Medan, Sumatera Utara berdasarkan pengujian yang telah dilakukan pada penetrometer digital didapat nilai ketepatan dan ketelitian sensor ultrasonik pada jarak 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm dengan sudut 90o = 99,74%, 75o = 98,16% ,60o = 95,33% ,45o = 90,44% ,dan 30o = 85,02%. Nilai tahanan penetrasi tertinggi terdapat pada plat 5 x 5 cm dengan sudut 75o sebesar 34,78 kg/cm2, sedangkan nilai terendah terdapat pada plat 5 x 10 cm dengan sudut 60o sebesar 4,96 kg/cm2. Penelitian ini dilakukan dilahan sawah dengan tekstur lempung liat berpasir, nilai kadar air kering 126,46%, nilai kadar air basah 55,56%, nilai porositas tanah 78,56%, kerapatan massa tanah 0,59 gr/cm3, dan kerapatan partikel tanah 2,69 gr/cm3.