Depresi pada Penderita Epilepsi Umum dengan Kejang Tonik Klonik dan Epilepsi Parsial Sederhana

Abstract

The Scope of The Research Epilepsy is a transient paroxysmal pathopysiological distrurbance of cerebral function that is caused by a spontaneous, excessive discharge of neurons. Depression is loss of interest that psychopathology as symptoms, syndrome and probably as a nosological disease. Depression and epilepsy disturbance that has two morbidity and mortality impacts toward the patient. Both of the impacts can be occurred al together to the patient. It is called "comorbidity" . Comorbidity is not only to increase morbidity and mortality but also create more difficult to manage the disease. From epidemiology research, it shows that depression and epilepsy give significant number, therefore the clinicians has big challenges to manage these disease especially in psychiatry. Schofield and Duane (1986) conducted psychopathology investigation toward some patients admitted to neurology liaison services reported that most common depression is found is epilepsy, parkinson and cervical spondy losis, From 30 of epilepsy patients, around 43% full fill the criteria depressive illness. it indicates that symptoms and disturbances depression is often found in the patients with epilepsy. Prevalence depression in patient with epilepsy from 34 to 78%. Mandez et al the prevalence depression in out patients is 55% compared from control. Dodrill and Batzel (1986) conducted the same research study and from 17 researches evaluated interictal manner by using MMPI. From these research they conclude that patient with epilepsy that increased emotional and psychiatry problems compared control or normal. but the same degree at another neurological disturbances. Dodrill and Batzel (1986) however, suggested that number of seizure types was for more relevant to psychopathology than was the particuler seizure type.

Telah dilakukan penelitian melalui pendekatan ilmu psikiatri klinik terhadap 68 orang penderita epilepsi yang terdiri dari 34 orang penderita epilepsi umum dengan kejang tonik- klonik dan 34 orang penderita epilepsi parsial sederhana yang berobat jalan ke Poliklinik Neurologi. Metode penelitian dilakukan adalah suatu metode penelitian deskriptif analitik. Jenis penelitian ini tergolong dalam penelitian survey dimana waktu pengambilan data dilakukan secara cross sectional. Tehnik pengambilan sample dilakukan secara purposive sample. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prevalensi depresi antara kelompok penderita epilepsi umum dengan kejanq tonik klonik dan kelompok penderita epilepsi parsial sederhana. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah status psikiatri dan PPDGJ III untuk mendiagnosa depresi dan Hamilton Depression Rating Scale untuk mengukur skor depresi. Manfaat kegunaan penelitian ini adalah : 1.Mengetahui prevalensi depresi pada penderita epilepsi baik penderita epilepsi umum dengan kejang tonik klonik dan epilepsi parsial sederhana serta derajat keparahannya. 2.Perlu dipikirkan upaya penanganan yang menyeluruh baik dari aspek psikiatri maupun aspek Neurologi terhadap penderita epilepsi yang mangalami depresi. 3.Meningkatkan hubungan kerjasama antara bagian psikiatri dan Neurologi sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita. 4.Merupakan sumbangan ilmu pengetahuan bagi penderita epilepsi yang mengalami depresi.