Distribusi Poliprenol dan Dolicol pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis .Jacq) dari Tetua Jenis Psifera dan Tanaman Dewasa Hasil Perbanyakan Kultur Jaringan

Abstract

Kultur jaringan kelapa sawit dilakukan melalui embriogenesis tidak langsung, yang menyebabkan keragaman somaklonal terjadi pada tahap perbanyakan in vitro, terutama pada fase pertumbuhan kalus. Di dalam sel semua organisme hidup dapat ditemukan sekelompok senyawa polyisoprenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi tanaman kelapa sawit hasil kultur jaringan berdasarkan keberadaan senyawa polyisoprenoid. Sampel daun kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dikumpulkan dari perkebunan PT. Socfin Indonesia, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Ekstraksi sampel, saponifikasi, isolasi senyawa poliisoprenoid, dan analisis kromatografi lapis tipis dua dimensi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data terkait total lipid, profil poliprenol dan dolichol, serta panjang rantai karbon (C) poliprenol dan dolichol dari daun kelapa sawit. Orang tua Psifera dan turunannya yang diperbanyak dengan embriogenesis tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah induk polyisoprenoid S24 lebih tinggi 2,41 mg / g dibandingkan induk S8 sebesar 2,17 mg / g berat kering. Jumlah polyisoprenoid tanaman S8 secara in vitro berkisar antara 0,71 - 8,53 mg / g berat kering, dengan jumlah poliisoprenoid terendah ditemukan pada S894 / 22 dan tertinggi ditemukan pada S893 / 2. Sedangkan untuk total polyisoprenoid dari kultur jaringan tanaman Psifera S24 berkisar antara 0,73 - 8,05 mg / g berat kering, dengan jumlah polyisoprenoid terendah terdapat pada S24H14 dan tertinggi terdapat pada S24H16. Tanaman induk Pisifera S8 dan S24 serta tanaman hasil kultur jaringan dikategorikan memiliki pola lipid tipe II yang menunjukkan distribusi poliprenol yang seimbang dengan dolichol. Rantai karbon terpanjang ditemukan pada tanaman in vitro S8 93/4 berkisar antara C50-C110, sedangkan rantai karbon terpendek ditemukan pada tanaman yang diproduksi secara in vitro S24H7 mulai dari C45- C55. Terdapat variasi panjang rantai karbon poliprenol dan dolichol pada sampel daun hasil perbanyakan in vitro tetua Psifera S8 dan S24.

Oil palm tissue culture is carried out through indirect embryogenesis, which causes somaclonal diversity to occur at the in vitro propagation stage, especially in the callus growth phase. In the cells of all living organisms can be found a group of polyisoprenoid compounds. This study aims to determine variations in oil palm plants resulting from tissue culture based on the presence of polyisoprenoid compounds. Oil palm leaf samples (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) were collected from the plantation of PT. Socfin Indonesia, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Sample extraction, saponification, isolation of polyisoprenoid compounds, and twodimensional thin-layer chromatography analysis were carried out to obtain data related to total lipids, polyprenol and dolichol profile, and Carbon (C) chain length polyprenol and dolichol from oil palm leaves of Psifera parents and their propagated derivatives by indirect embryogenesis. The results showed that the amount of polyisoprenoid mother S24 was 2.41 mg/g higher than that of the parent S8 at 2.17 mg/g dry weight. Total polyisoprenoid from S8 plants in vitro ranged from 0.71 - 8.53 mg/g dry weight, with the lowest total polyisoprenoid found at S894/22 and the highest was found at S893/2. While for total polyisoprenoid from plant tissue culture of Psifera S24 ranged from 0.73 - 8.05 mg/g dry weight, with the lowest total polyisoprenoid found at S24H14 and the highest was found at S24H16. The parent plants of Pisifera S8 and S24, as well as plants resulting from tissue culture, were categorized as having lipid pattern type II, which showed a balanced distribution of polyprenol with dolichol. The longest carbon chain was found in vitro plants S8 93/4 ranged from C50-C110, while the shortest was found in plants produced in vitro S24H7 starting from C45-C55. There were variations in the carbon chain length of polyprenol and dolichol in the leaf samples derived from in vitro propagation of the Psifera S8 and S24 parents.