Pengaruh Kadar Air dan Ukuran Partikel Kayu Pinus (Pinus Merkusii) terhadap Karakteristik Papan Partikel dengan Perekat Gondorukem Melalui Metode Pencetakan Kempa

Abstract

The effects of moisture content and particle size of pine wood on the characteristics, physical and mechanical properties of particleboard with gondorukem adhesive through the compression molding method were investigated. This research was carried out in several stages, the preparation of pine wood particles, the manufacture of particleboard and analysis of the physical, mechanical, and characteristics of the particleboard. Pine wood particles are ground with a grinding machine to get smaller particles. The wood particles were then oven-dried to reach moisture content of 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%. Furthermore, the pine wood particles were sieved with sieves measuring 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 to obtain a uniform particle size. The wood particles were mixed with gondorukem adhesive which had been mashed and sieved to a size of 50 mesh with a ratio of 60:40 (m/m). The mixture was then poured into molds and molded using compression molding for 15 minutes at 100 °C. Analysis of density, moisture content, thickness expansion, water absorption, fracture toughness (MOR), flexural strength (MOE), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out on particle board. The increase in particle size and water content tends to decrease the value of the physical and mechanical strength of particleboard. The highest fracture strength and flexural strength values were respectively at particle size 120 mesh with 6% moisture content in 110.1 kgf/cm2 and 21370.1 kgf/cm2 . The results of FTIR characterization showed the presence of O-H groups which are typical groups of cellulose. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the pine wood particle board measuring 120 mesh with 6% moisture content had a rough fracture surface with the adhesive evenly distributed on the pine wood particles.

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kadar air dan ukuran partikel kayu pinus yang paling optimal terhadap karakteristik, sifat fisik dan mekanik papan partikel dengan perekat gondorukem melalui metode compression molding menggunakan hot press. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yaitu penyiapan partikel kayu pinus, pembuatan papan partikel dan analisa sifat fisik, mekanik, dan karakteristik papan partikel. Partikel kayu pinus digiling dengan mesin penggiling untuk mendapatkan partikel berukuran lebih kecil atau halus. Partikel kayu tersebut kemudian dikeringkan dengan oven hingga mencapai kadar air 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% dan 15%. Selanjutnya partikel kayu pinus diayak dengan ayakan berukuran mesh 60, 80, 100, 120 dan 140 untuk mendapatkan ukuran partikel yang seragam. Partikel kayu dicampurkan dengan perekat gondorukem yang telah dihaluskan dan diayak hingga berukuran 50 mesh dengan perbandingan 60:40 (m/m). Campuran kemudian dituang kedalam cetakan dan dicetak menggunakan compression molding selama 15 menit dengan suhu 100 °C. Dilakukan analisa kerapatan, kadar air, pengembangan tebal, daya serap air, keteguhan patah (MOR), keteguhan lentur (MOE), fourier transform infra red (FTIR) dan scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pada papan partikel. Peningkatan ukuran partikel dan kandungan air cenderung menurunkan nilai kekuatan fisik dan mekanik papan partikel. Nilai keteguhan patah dan keteguhan lentur tertinggi masing-masing pada ukuran partikel 120 mesh dengan kadar air 6 %. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan adanya gugus O-H yang merupakan gugus khas dari selulosa. Hasil analisa scanning electron microscopy (SEM) menunjukkan papan partikel kayu pinus berukuran 120 mesh dengan kadar air 6% memiliki permukaan patahan kasar dan tajam yang mengindikasikan adanya ikatan yang kompak dan kuat antara partikel kayu dan perekat pada papan partikel.