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dc.contributor.advisorHarahap, Urip
dc.contributor.authorWaruwu, Syukur Berkat
dc.date.accessioned2022-05-25T07:41:00Z
dc.date.available2022-05-25T07:41:00Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/48702
dc.description.abstractInflammation is a normal protective response on tissue damage or injury. {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} is a modified p-aminophenol compound that is more potent as an analgesic and has fewer hepatotoxic side effects than paracetamol. As according previous research on silica, this compound may be developed in to anti-inflammatory agent. Toxicity test was carried out to test the safety of {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} because it has not been studied in detail. Toxicity tests were carried out on acute and subchronic toxicity based on PerKaBPOM 2014 and OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines. Anti-inflammatory test was carried out by measuring the percentage of inflammation in the feet of rats induced by carrageenan solution after administration of {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea}. The analysis of the number of neutrophils was carried out by the Hematoxylin-Eosin method and the expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 by Immunohistochemistry. Acute toxicity test was performed on female rats and observed for 14 days. Subchronic toxicity tests were carried out on male and female rats for 28 days, and observations for 42 days in the satellite group. The results showed that the percentage of inhibition composed of {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl) urea}at doses of 100 and 200 mg/Kg BW had no significant difference (p>0.05) with diclofenac sodium 2.25 mg/Kg BW. The number of neutrophils and the expression of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 decreased in proportion to diclofenac sodium 2.25 mg/Kg BW. This shows that {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} has anti-inflammatory activity. In the toxicity test, {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} did not cause toxic symptoms up to a dose of 5000 mg/Kg BW, so it was classified as practically non-toxic in acute toxicity testing. In subchronic testing {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} did not cause a toxic effect (NOAEL) at a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW which was indicated by microscopic results of liver tissue that experienced hydropic degeneration, in the lungs it caused congestion and microscopic examination of kidney tissue that undergoes Bowman's space widening and tubular lumen enlargement, but this condition is reversible.en_US
dc.description.abstractInflamasi merupakan respon protektif normal yang disebabkan oleh cedera atau kerusakan jaringan. {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} merupakan salah satu modidifikasi senyawa p-aminofenol yang memiliki aktivitas analgesik lebih poten dan efek samping hepatotoksik lebih sedikit dibandingkan parasetamol. Penelitian in silico sebelumnya, senyawa ini berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antiinflamasi. Uji toksisitas dilakukan untuk menguji keamanan {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} karna belum ditelaah lebih dalam terkait keamanannya. Uji toksisitas dilakukan pada toksisitas akut dan subkronik berdasarkan pedoman PerKaBPOM 2014 dan OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Uji antiinflamasi dilakukan dengan mengukur persentase inflamasi pada kaki tikus yang diinduksi larutan karagenan setelah pemberian {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea}. Analisis jumlah neutrofil dilakukan dengan metode Hematoxylin-Eosin dan ekspresi COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 dengan Imunohistokimia. Uji toksisitas akut dilakukan pada tikus betina dan diamati selama 14 hari. Uji toksisitas subkronis dilakukan pada tikus jantan dan betina selama 28 hari, dan pengamatan selama 42 hari pada kelompok satelit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase inhbisi radang senyawa {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} pada dosis 100, dan 200 mg/Kg BB tidak memiliki perbedaan signifikan (p>0,05) dengan natrium diklofenak 2,25 mg/Kg BB. Jumlah neutrofil dan ekspresi COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 mengalami penurunan jumlah yang sebanding dengan natrium diklofenak 2,25 mg/Kg BB. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi. Pada uji toksisitas, {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} tidak menimbulkan gejala toksik hingga dosis 5000 mg/Kg BB, sehingga digolongkan praktis tidak toksik pada pengujian toksisitas akut. Pada pengujian subkronik, {1,3 {1,3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} tidak menimbulkan efek toksik (NOAEL) pada dosis 1000 mg/Kg BB yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil mikroskopik jaringan hati yang mengalami degenerasi hidrofik, pada organ paru-paru menimbulkan kongesti dan mikroskopik jaringan ginjal yang mengalami pelebaran ruang bowman dan pelebaran lumen tubulus, tetapi keadaan ini bersifat reversibel.en_US
dc.language.isoiden_US
dc.publisherUniversitas Sumatera Utaraen_US
dc.subject{1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea}en_US
dc.subjectAntiinflamasien_US
dc.subjectToksisitasen_US
dc.titleUji Antiinflamasi dan Toksisitas Senyawa {1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea} pada Tikus Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus L)en_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
dc.identifier.nimNIM197014026
dc.description.pages176 Halamanen_US
dc.description.typeTesis Magisteren_US


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