Aktivitas Antibakteri Hidrolisat Protein Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa L.) Menggunakan Enzim Pepsin

Abstract

Background: Blood clam (Anadara granosa L.) is a type of clam from the Bivalvia class that has the potential and economic value to be developed as a source of protein and minerals to meet the food needs of the Indonesian people. Blood clams are usually used as food and produced in boiled form. Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers linked to each other by peptide bonds. Proteins play an important role in the structure and function of all living cells. Most of the protein is an enzyme or enzyme subunit. Proteins are involved in the immune system as antibodies, control systems in the form of hormones, as storage components (in seeds) and also in nutrient transport. As a source of nutrition, protein acts as a source of amino acids for organisms that are unable to form amino acids. Research Objective: This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of protein hydrolyzate against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli originating from blood clams through pepsin enzyme hydrolysis and to determine the increase in antibacterial activity after being treated with pepsin enzyme hydrolysis treatment with different hydrolysis duration. Method: Blood clam samples were obtained from Belawan Medan market. Then the hydrolysis process is done using pepsin enzyme with time variations of 0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. After that the protein hydrolysate is dried in the oven. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity was tested by agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The results showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone of antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 g/ml was 8.3 mm, while the hydrolysate was 0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours with the same concentration, respectively. by 6.8 mm, 7.6 mm, 7.7 mm, and 7.8 mm. Against Escherichia coli at 100 g/ml amoxicillin 7.9 mm, while the hydrolyzate 0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours with the same concentration, respectively 6.0 mm, 6.7 mm, 7, 1 mm, and 7.2 mm. Conclusion: Protein hydrolysate of blood clams (Anadara granosa L.) had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the hydrolysis with pepsin enzyme for 3 hours gave the greatest inhibition against both bacteria.

Latar Belakang: Kerang darah (Anadara granosa L) merupakan salah satu jenis kerang dari kelas Bivalvia yang berpotensi dan memiliki nilai ekonomis untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber protein dan mineral untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan masyarakat Indonesia. Protein berperan penting dalam struktur fungsi semua selmakhluk hidup. Kebanyakan protein merupakan enzim atau subunit enzim. Protein terlibat dalam sistem kekebalan sebagai antibodi, sistem kendali dalam bentuk hormon, sebagai komponen penyimpanan (dalam biji) dan juga dalam transportasi hara. Sebagaisalah satu sumber gizi, protein berperan sebagai sumber asam amino bagi organisme yang tidak mampu membentuk asam amino. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri hidrolisat protein terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli yang bersumber dari kerang darah melalui hidrolisis enzim pepsin serta untuk mengethui peningkatan aktivitas antibakteri setelah diberi perlakuan hidrolisis enzim pepsin dengan lama hidrolisis yang berbeda. Metode: Sampel Kerang darah diperoleh dari pasar Belawan Medan. Kemudian dilakukan proses hidrolisis menggunakan enzim pepsin dengan variasi waktu 0 jam, 1 jam, 2 jam, dan 3 jam. Setelah itu hidrolisat protein dikeringkan di oven. Selanjutnya diuji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi agar terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diameter zona hambat aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi agar terhadap Staphylococcus aureus pada amoksisilin 100 μg/ml sebesar 8,3 mm, sedangkan hidrolisat 0 jam, 1 jam, 2 jam, dan 3 jam dengan konsentrasi yang sama, masing-masing sebesar 6,8 mm, 7,6 mm, 7,7 mm, dan 7,8 mm. Terhadap Escherichia coli pada amoksisilin 100 μg/ml sebesar 7,9 mm, sedangkan hidrolisat 0 jam, 1 jam, 2 jam, dan 3 jam dengan konsentrasi yang sama, masing-masing sebesar 6,0 mm, 6,7 mm, 7,1 mm, dan 7,2 mm. Kesimpulan: Hidrolisat protein kerang darah (Anadara granosa L) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus dan hidrolisis dengan enzim pepsin selama 3 jam memberikan daya hambat paling besar terhadap kedua bakteri.