Kajian Penataan Permukiman Kawasan Rawan Bencana Banjir Bandang di Kecamatan Semadam Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara

Abstract

Southeast Aceh Regency is dominated by mountains and valleys with many rivers. Semadam sub-district in Southeast Aceh district is the area most frequently affected by flash floods. The vulnerable point is located at the crossroads of the river with the Kutacane-Batas Sumut state road where there is a bridge that stems from flash floods material and then overflows into settlements. One of the villages that is threatened by disaster is Kampung Baru Village, which has not been properly regulated both on the river and in its settlements. This study is expected to find out how the level of disaster vulnerability in Semadam District is as well as recommend how to arrange settlements that are safe from banjir bandang disasters. Vulnerability includes social, economic, physical, and environmental aspects as the basis for comprehensive structuring of riverbanks and settlements and being part of disaster mitigation itself. This research is a descriptive study, through a qualitative approach in explaining disaster vulnerability and the arrangement of settlements that are safe from disasters. As a result, disaster vulnerability is obtained in the high category, so the arrangement is carried out on rivers and settlements at the same time. Rivers are managed by improving accordingly, while settlements are intervened to be safe from disasters. The conclusion of this research: river arrangement includes the construction of the reservoir upstream of the river, construction of detention storage, normalization: addition of river cross section, and bridge reconstruction. The settlement arrangement includes the provision of green open space and engineering of the housing environment transportation system.

Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara didominasi oleh pegunungan dan lembah yang terdapat banyak sungai-sungai. Kecamatan Semadam di Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara adalah kawasan yang paling sering terjadi bencana banjir bandang. Titik rawan terletak pada persilangan sungai dengan jalan negara Kutacane-Batas Sumut di mana terdapat jembatan yang membendung material banjir bandang lalu melimpah ke permukiman. Salah satu desa yang terancam bencana adalah Desa Kampung Baru yang belum dilakukan penataan secara memadai baik pada sungai maupun pada permukimannya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengetahui bagaimana tingkat kerentanan bencana di Kecamatan Semadam sekaligus merekomendasi bagaimana penataan permukiman yang aman dari bencana banjir bandang. Kerentanan meliputi aspek sosial, ekonomi, fisik, dan lingkungan sebagai dasar melakukan penataan bantaran sungai dan permukiman secara komprehensif dan menjadi bagian dari mitigasi bencana itu sendiri. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, melaui pendekatan kualitatif dalam menjelaskan kerentanan bencana serta penataan permukiman yang aman dari bencana. Hasilnya, kerentanan bencana diperoleh pada kategori tinggi maka penataan yang dilakukan pada sungai dan permukiman sekaligus. Sungai ditata dengan memperbaiki sepadannya, sementara permukiman diintervensi agar aman dari bencana. Kesimpulan penelitian ini : penataan sungai meliputi pembangunan embung si hulu sungai, pembangunan detention storage, normalisasi : penambahan penampang sungai, dan rekonstruksi jembatan. Penataan permukiman meliputi penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau dan rekayasa sistem transportasi lingkungan perumahan.